针对吉林省玉米秸秆资源化利用难题,系统分析寒地黑土区秸秆腐解动力学、土壤有机碳固持机制、微团聚体稳定性、微生物群落演替规律,综述秸秆还田对玉米根系发育、养分吸收、产量构成的影响,解析吉林省玉米秸秆归行覆盖条耕、秸秆深翻还田、秸秆碎混还田技术模式的实用性,提出了吉林省秸秆还田存在的问题,建议加强“农机—农艺—生态”协同的秸秆还田技术体系建设,完善秸秆还田补贴政策、鼓励土地流转、扩大经营规模,全面推进机械化,推动吉林省黑土地实现可持续利用。

Aiming at the problem of resource utilization of corn straw in Jilin Province, this paper systematically analyzes the dynamics of straw decomposition, the mechanism of soil organic carbon sequestration, the stability of micro-aggregates, and the succession law of microbial communities in the cold black soil region. It also summarizes the effects of straw returning on corn root development, nutrient absorption, and yield components, and analyzes the practicality of technical modes for corn straw in Jilin Province, including straw row - oriented mulching and strip tillage, straw deep ploughing returning, and straw crushing and mixing returning. In addition, the existing problems of straw returning in Jilin Province are put forward. It is suggested to strengthen the construction of a straw returning technology system featuring the coordination of "agricultural machinery - agronomy - ecology", improve the subsidy policy for straw returning, encourage land transfer, expand the scale of operation, and comprehensively promote mechanization, so as to promote the sustainable utilization of black soil in Jilin Province.

吉林省教育厅“黑土粮仓”科技会战“揭榜挂帅”科研项目(JJKH20241118HT)