子粒机收是实现玉米生产全程机械化的关键和瓶颈，其突破根本在于适宜的专用品种的选育与推广应用。本文先解析我国玉米机械化收获方式与发展水平现状，剖析不同产区子粒机收水平现状格局及成因，再从品种维度甄别制约子粒机收质量与效率的关键性状因子。进而，系统综述子粒机收玉米专用品种的选育策略与审定现状，挖掘当前品种选育审定中存在的核心问题，并据此提出靶向解决方案与未来展望，以期为加速玉米子粒机收专用品种的研发与推广提供参考，筑牢玉米生产全程机械化的品种根基。

Grain harvesting is the key and bottleneck to achieving full mechanization of maize production. The breakthrough lies in the breeding and promotion of suitable specialized varieties. This article first analyzed the current status and development level of mechanized harvesting methods for maize in China, and examined the current pattern and causes of mechanical harvesting levels in different production areas. Then, key trait factors that constrained the quality and efficiency of mechanical harvesting of seeds were identified from the variety dimension. Furthermore, a systematic review of the breeding strategies and approval status of specialized maize varieties for grain harvesting was conducted, and the core problems in the current variety breeding approval were identified. Based on this, targeted solutions and future prospects were proposed to provide reference for accelerating the development and promotion of specialized maize varieties for mechanical grain harvesting, and to build a solid foundation for the full mechanization of maize production.

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国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）