本文基于DUS测试性状，通过分析不同性状的等位变异数目(Na)、有效等位变异数目(Ne)、Shannon's多样性指数，以及相关分析，主成分分析和聚类分析，对东北地区2023-2024年的351份主要玉米品种的多样性进行了系统评估。研究发现，这些玉米品种在39个DUS测试性状上表现出显著的遗传差异，共检测到208个等位变异。部分性状如抽丝期、植株高度等遗传多样性丰富，而叶片边缘花青甙显色等性状则遗传多样性较低。通过主成分分析和聚类分析，进一步揭示了不同玉米品种间的性状相关性和亲缘关系，为玉米DUS测试指南继续优化、东北地区品种权保护和玉米种质资源利用提供了依据。

Based on DUS test traits, this study systematically evaluated the diversity of 351 major maize varieties from the Northeast region during 2023-2024 by analyzing the number of allelic variations (Na), the effective number of allelic variations (Ne), Shannon's diversity index, as well as correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant genetic differences among these varieties across 39 DUS test characteristics, with a total of 208 allelic variations detected. characteristics such as silking date and plant height exhibited rich genetic diversity, while others like anthocyanin coloration of leaf margins showed lower diversity. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis further elucidated the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships among different maize varieties. This study provides a basis for optimizing the DUS test guidelines for maize, strengthening variety protection, and promoting the utilization of maize germplasm resources in Northeast China.

农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD0406109)