为探索生物炭对黑土资源可持续利用的影响，基于8年田间定位试验，探究不同生物炭用量（0 t/hm2、10 t/hm2、30 t/hm2和50 t/hm2，分别记为B0、B10、B30和B50）对黑土理化特征的影响，并量化评价土壤质量。研究表明，B30和B50处理显著增加＞2 mm粒径团聚体，与B0相比，B50处理显著提高了团聚体平均重量直径，并降低了土壤容重，降幅10.9%。在土壤养分方面，施用生物炭显著提高了土壤有机质含量，增幅11.0%~33.9%；B30和B50处理显著增加了土壤全氮、速效钾、硝态氮含量；而B50处理显著增加了土壤速效磷含量。本文基于最小数据集计算土壤质量指数，该最小数据集由硝态氮、铵态氮和水稳性大团聚体组成，其大小排序为：B50>B30>B10>B0，施用生物炭后土壤质量指数显著提高，其中B50处理增幅最显著。综上所述，施用生物炭是提升黑土质量的有效途径，在本试验条件下，施用50 t/hm2生物炭对土壤质量提升效果最佳。

To explore the impact of biochar on the sustainable utilization of black soil resources, based on an 8 year field positioning experiment, the effects of different biochar application rates (0 t/hm2, 10 t/hm2, 30 t/hm2, and 50 t/hm2, denoted as B0, B10, B30, and B50 respectively) on the physical and chemical characteristics of black soil were investigated, and the soil quality was quantitatively evaluated. The research showed that the B30 and B50 treatments significantly increased the aggregates with a particle size > 2 mm. Compared with the B0 treatment, the B50 treatment significantly increased the mean weight diameter of aggregates and reduced the soil bulk density by 10.9%. In terms of soil nutrients, the application of biochar significantly increased the soil organic matter content by 11.0%~ 33.9%. The B30 and B50 treatments significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen, available potassium, and nitrate nitrogen in the soil. The B50 treatment significantly increased the available phosphorus content in the soil. In this paper, the soil quality index was calculated based on the minimum data set, which consisted of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and water stable macro aggregates. The order of the soil quality index was B50>B30>B10>B0. The soil quality index increased significantly after the application of biochar, and the increase was most significant in the B50 treatment. In conclusion, the application of biochar is an effective way to improve the quality of black soil. Under the conditions of this experiment, the application of 50 t/hm2 biochar has the best effect on improving soil quality.

国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(SJSG202403)