为筛选玉米白斑病抗病种质资源及探究白斑病与主要农艺性状之间的相关规律，本研究于2024年田间观察，2025年人工接种方式对85份玉米自交系进行玉米白斑病抗病性鉴定，并调查自交系株高、茎秆之字、穗位高度、果穗长度、叶片颜色、叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶片弯曲程度、上部叶片与茎秆夹角、小穗密度、侧枝与主轴夹角和侧枝弯曲程度性状指标，通过方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法进行综合评价。结果表明:85份玉米自交系存在遗传变异，白斑病平均病级为5.75，中抗及以上材料40份，占比47.1%；相关性分析表明，玉米白斑病发病程度与叶片长度呈极显著性负相关，相关系数为-0.28；主成分分析将13个性状指标划分为6个主成分，累计贡献率达78.528%；聚类分析将供试玉米自交系划分为4个类群，第Ⅰ类群表现为株高较矮、叶片弯曲程度较大等，第Ⅱ类表现为穗位较低、叶片较窄、雄穗较疏，第Ⅲ类群表现为株高穗位较高、茎秆较直、果穗较长、叶片宽大且颜色较深、小穗密度较大，第Ⅳ类群表现为果穗较短、叶片颜色较浅、长度较短、叶片弯曲程度较小、上部叶片与茎秆夹角较小、侧枝与主轴夹角较大、侧枝弯曲程度较大、白斑病较抗。研究结果为玉米抗白斑病种质资源精准利用和品种选育提供依据。

To screen germplasm resources resistant to maize white spot(MWS) and investigate the relationship between MWS resistance and major agronomic traits, field observation was carried out in 2024, and the resistance of 85 maize inbred lines to maize white spot disease was identified by artificial inoculation in 2025. Resistance to MWS was assessed, and agronomic traits including plant height, stalk zigzag, ear height, ear length, leaf color, leaf length, leaf width, leaf curvature, upper leaf angle, tassel branch density, tassel branch angle, and tassel branch curvature were investigated. Comprehensive evaluation was performed using analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant genetic variation among the 85 inbred lines. The average disease rating for MWS was 5.75, with 40 materials (47.1%) exhibiting moderate resistance or higher. Correlation analysis indicated a highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.28) between MWS severity and leaf length. PCA categorized the 13 traits into six principal components, collectively explaining 78.528% of the total variance. Cluster analysis classified the inbred lines into four distinct groups: Group I was characterized by shorter plant height and greater leaf curvature; Group II exhibited lower ear height, narrower leaves, and more sparse tassel branching; Group III displayed taller plants, higher ear placement, straighter stalks, longer ears, broader and darker green leaves, and denser tassels; Group IV showed shorter ears, lighter green and shorter leaves, less leaf curvature, smaller upper leaf angles, larger tassel branch angles, greater tassel branch curvature, and higher resistance to MWS. These findings provide a basis for the precise utilization of MWS-resistant germplasm resources and the breeding of resistant maize varieties.

国家重点研发计划(2024YFD1400300)