在4个不同杂种优势类群中挑选子粒蛋白质含量差异显著的8份自交系，采用Griffing双列杂交Ⅲ设计配制56个正反交组合，测定亲本、F₁和F₂蛋白质含量及产量相关性状。通过方差、相关性和一般配合力分析，揭示玉米蛋白质含量的遗传特性。结果表明，蛋白质含量受遗传与环境共同影响，F₁存在显著母本效应，F₂效应减弱。F₁蛋白质含量与母本呈极显著正相关，F₂与双亲均呈极显著正相关，且F₁与F₂蛋白质含量也呈极显著相关。F₂蛋白质含量与穗行数、行粒数、出籽率及玉米产量呈极显著负相关，与百粒重呈极显著正相关。GCA效应分析显示，承系53、HP434、CA590的蛋白质GCA效应为正，昌7-2、PH6WC、CA590和PH4CV的产量GCA效应为正。组合CA590×PH6WC在蛋白质含量与产量上均表现突出，表明玉米产量与品质性状协同改良具备可行性。

Eight inbred lines with significant differences in kernel protein content were selected from four heterotic groups. Using the Griffing diallel cross Design III, 56 reciprocal cross combinations were developed. The protein content and yield-related traits of the parental lines, F₁, and F₂ generations were determined. The genetic characteristics of maize kernel protein content were investigated via variance analysis, correlation analysis, and general combining ability(GCA) analysis. The results indicated that kernel protein content was affected by both genetic and environmental factors. A significant maternal effect was observed in the F₁ generation, which weakened in the F₂ generation. The protein content of F₁ showed a highly significant positive correlation with the maternal parent, while that of F₂ was highly significantly correlated with both parents. Additionally, the protein content between the F₁ and F₂ generations was also highly significantly positively correlated. In the F₂ generation, protein content showed highly significant negative correlations with kernel rows per ear, kernels per row, seed percentage, and maize yield, but a highly significant positive correlation with hundred-kernel weight. GCA analysis revealed that inbred lines Chengxi53, HP434, and CA590 had positive GCA effects for protein content, while Chang 7-2, PH6WC, CA590, and PH4CV had positive GCA effects for yield. The cross combination CA590×PH6WC showed high levels of both protein content and yield, which demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneous improvement of yield and quality traits in maize.

S513.035.1

国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-02);作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室项目