以214份玉米自交系构成的自然群体为试验材料，调查雄穗分枝数、一级侧枝数目、主轴长、最高位侧枝以上主轴长度、最低位侧枝以上主轴长度、分枝与主轴角度等雄穗相关性状，结合41 101个SNPs基因型数据进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。结果表明，参试材料在6个性状间差异显著，表现出数量性状特点，性状间显著相关(P<0.05)。检测出与雄穗分枝数、主轴长、最高位侧枝以上主轴长度、最低位侧枝以上主轴长度性状显著相关的15个SNP位点，预测到13个候选基因，其中10个基因有功能注释。筛选出3个重要的候选基因，包括Zm00001d019875、Zm00001d023945和Zm00001d023950，可能通过信号转导、蛋白质的折叠与降解、氨基酸代谢、糖生物合成与代谢、脂质代谢等途径影响玉米雄穗结构。

In this study, a natural population of 214 maize inbred lines was used as experimental material. Phenotypic traits including tassel branch number, primary lateral branch number, main axis length, the length of the main axis above the highest lateral branch, the length of the main axis above the lowest lateral branch, and the angle between branches and the main axis were investigated. Combined with genotypic data from 41 101 SNPs, a genome-wide association study(GWAS) was conducted. The results showed significant differences among the tested materials for the six traits, which exhibited characteristics of quantitative traits, with significant correlations between traits(P< 0.05). Fifteen SNPs significantly associated with tassel branch number, main axis length, the length of the main axis above the highest lateral branch, and the length of the main axis above the lowest lateral branch were identified. Thirteen candidate genes were predicted, among which 10 had functional annotations. Three key candidate genes(Zm00001d019875, Zm00001d023945, and Zm00001d023950) were prioritized. These genes may regulate maize tassel architecture through pathways such as signal transduction, protein folding and degradation, amino acid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and lipid metabolism.

S513.035.3

黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(2022ZX02B01)