2008年第16卷第05期文章目次
2008, 16(05):1-2.
摘要:
Super maize was a science and technology innovation for enhancing maize cultivars yield ability on the basis of maize heterosis utilization at present.This paper discussed the significance of super maize breeding,indicating that the objective of super maize should consider the approved efficiency of cultivar,the character of high yield and stable yield and the determination of yield index in high yield tackling field,except"super high yield,high-quality,multi-resistant,wide-suitable,easy production of seed",also proposed higher requirements for germplasm-innovation,plant type selection and plant characters.Aiming at present status of super maize popularization,suggesting that we should accelerate to establish reginal trial appoved criteria,pay attention to finy varieties with suitable cultivation method,high-yield demonstration and high-yield tackling trial.
Super maize was a science and technology innovation for enhancing maize cultivars yield ability on the basis of maize heterosis utilization at present.This paper discussed the significance of super maize breeding,indicating that the objective of super maize should consider the approved efficiency of cultivar,the character of high yield and stable yield and the determination of yield index in high yield tackling field,except"super high yield,high-quality,multi-resistant,wide-suitable,easy production of seed",also proposed higher requirements for germplasm-innovation,plant type selection and plant characters.Aiming at present status of super maize popularization,suggesting that we should accelerate to establish reginal trial appoved criteria,pay attention to finy varieties with suitable cultivation method,high-yield demonstration and high-yield tackling trial.
2008, 16(05):3-6.
摘要:
Study on inducement haploids frequency of different germplasm and generations in maize by Cauho Inducer 1.The result showed that the average induction rate of Tang 4,Luda,Lancaster,Reid groups and thermal conductivity local germplasm five groups induced by Cauho Inducer 1 was 3.9%,but there were significant differences between different groups.Lancaster and Reid groups which haploid induced rate was 4.85% had the highest haploid induced rate than the other group,Inducement haploids frequency of Tang 4 and Luda group was 3.95%,thermal conductivity local germplasm group has 2.04% inducement haploids frequency.The rate of induction by Cauho Inducer 1 induced the same groups of different inter-generational survey results showed,the high generations S4,S5 had high haploid induced rate,but lower grains per plant.S1 had the lower induction rate,but had bigger corn ear,actually receive the largest number of haploid,so the best induction haploid generation is early generation S1.
Study on inducement haploids frequency of different germplasm and generations in maize by Cauho Inducer 1.The result showed that the average induction rate of Tang 4,Luda,Lancaster,Reid groups and thermal conductivity local germplasm five groups induced by Cauho Inducer 1 was 3.9%,but there were significant differences between different groups.Lancaster and Reid groups which haploid induced rate was 4.85% had the highest haploid induced rate than the other group,Inducement haploids frequency of Tang 4 and Luda group was 3.95%,thermal conductivity local germplasm group has 2.04% inducement haploids frequency.The rate of induction by Cauho Inducer 1 induced the same groups of different inter-generational survey results showed,the high generations S4,S5 had high haploid induced rate,but lower grains per plant.S1 had the lower induction rate,but had bigger corn ear,actually receive the largest number of haploid,so the best induction haploid generation is early generation S1.
2008, 16(05):7-10.
摘要:
The author carried on this experiment using the shed of drought-resistance and studied the drought-resistance of six different common maize lines.The results showed that the drought resistances had much difference among different maize lines.The relative water contents,MDA contents,conductivity and drought resisting index of maize leaf could be the appraisal index of maize drought resistance.
The author carried on this experiment using the shed of drought-resistance and studied the drought-resistance of six different common maize lines.The results showed that the drought resistances had much difference among different maize lines.The relative water contents,MDA contents,conductivity and drought resisting index of maize leaf could be the appraisal index of maize drought resistance.
2008, 16(05):11-15.
摘要:
Genetic variation was analyzed of 35 maize inbred lines in Guizhou with SSR.Selected 10 core-primers which could test 75 allele sites in sample of 35 inbred lines.The average number of allele per SSR locus was 7.5 with arrange from 5 to 14.The average of polymorphic information content(PIC) was 0.739.Gene locus among the 35 inbred lines ranged from 0.154 to 0.838 with an average of 0.513.The clustering results showed that the inbred lines could be classified into 7 groups.The clustering results were consistent with the groups based on the available.The local germplasm lines could be divided into three heterotic groups,showed the local germplasm had wide genetic basis.
Genetic variation was analyzed of 35 maize inbred lines in Guizhou with SSR.Selected 10 core-primers which could test 75 allele sites in sample of 35 inbred lines.The average number of allele per SSR locus was 7.5 with arrange from 5 to 14.The average of polymorphic information content(PIC) was 0.739.Gene locus among the 35 inbred lines ranged from 0.154 to 0.838 with an average of 0.513.The clustering results showed that the inbred lines could be classified into 7 groups.The clustering results were consistent with the groups based on the available.The local germplasm lines could be divided into three heterotic groups,showed the local germplasm had wide genetic basis.
2008, 16(05):16-19.
摘要:
Analyzed and identified SRAP polymorphism and genetic relationship on derived lines from Europe maize germplasm BC8241Ht at DNA molecular level,27 SRAP primer combinations were used to amplify the genome DNA of 21 maize lines of including derived lines from BC8241Ht.Total of 275 SRAP bans were observed and 131 out of these(47.6%) were polymorphic,and the polymorphism indicated that 21 maize lines used in the present study had abundant genetic diversity.The cluster analysis based on SRAP markers showed that 10 BC8241Ht derived lines were clustered in one group,but they were further clustered in first or third sub-groups.The close genetic relationship existed in 10 derived lines from Europe maize germplasm BC8241Ht,but the genetic differences also existed each other in the derived lines.In the course of improving the germplasm and its derived lines,they should be avoided mixing with Lvdahonggu,Tangsipingtou,PN and Southwestern local germplasm,and it can be improved by introducing tropical,subtropical germplasm.
Analyzed and identified SRAP polymorphism and genetic relationship on derived lines from Europe maize germplasm BC8241Ht at DNA molecular level,27 SRAP primer combinations were used to amplify the genome DNA of 21 maize lines of including derived lines from BC8241Ht.Total of 275 SRAP bans were observed and 131 out of these(47.6%) were polymorphic,and the polymorphism indicated that 21 maize lines used in the present study had abundant genetic diversity.The cluster analysis based on SRAP markers showed that 10 BC8241Ht derived lines were clustered in one group,but they were further clustered in first or third sub-groups.The close genetic relationship existed in 10 derived lines from Europe maize germplasm BC8241Ht,but the genetic differences also existed each other in the derived lines.In the course of improving the germplasm and its derived lines,they should be avoided mixing with Lvdahonggu,Tangsipingtou,PN and Southwestern local germplasm,and it can be improved by introducing tropical,subtropical germplasm.
2008, 16(05):20-24.
摘要:
Twenty four lines of 5 types maize were used to study the micro-structure in ripe kernel of MEM(micro-endosperm super high oil maize),weight ratio of embryo to kernel,and the different characteristics of micro-structure between MEM and the other 4 non-MEM.The results indicated that the endosperm contents of MEM were very few.Some of them even had no endosperm(except aleurone layer).It illustrated that some of the MEM showed degenerative endosperm,but their embryos were the biggest among the 5-type maize.At the same time,the weight ratio of embryo to kernel of MEM was also the maximum in 5-type maize.
Twenty four lines of 5 types maize were used to study the micro-structure in ripe kernel of MEM(micro-endosperm super high oil maize),weight ratio of embryo to kernel,and the different characteristics of micro-structure between MEM and the other 4 non-MEM.The results indicated that the endosperm contents of MEM were very few.Some of them even had no endosperm(except aleurone layer).It illustrated that some of the MEM showed degenerative endosperm,but their embryos were the biggest among the 5-type maize.At the same time,the weight ratio of embryo to kernel of MEM was also the maximum in 5-type maize.
2008, 16(05):25-28.
摘要:
The research on consistent of identical trail,variety comparative trial and regional trial was conducted in the study.The difference between results of identical trial and variety comparative trial were large.It was maybe related to the differences of design between the two trials.In the identical trial,the plot only had a single row of plants,and in the variety trail,the plot had multiple rows of plants.The aim of this article was to discover the problems existing in the yield trials for maize breeding.
The research on consistent of identical trail,variety comparative trial and regional trial was conducted in the study.The difference between results of identical trial and variety comparative trial were large.It was maybe related to the differences of design between the two trials.In the identical trial,the plot only had a single row of plants,and in the variety trail,the plot had multiple rows of plants.The aim of this article was to discover the problems existing in the yield trials for maize breeding.
2008, 16(05):29-32.
摘要:
In present paper total combining ability,over mid-parent and over high-parent about ear weight were analyzed with 45 crosses made from 10 maize inbred lines of basic germplasm in domestic by Griffing Ⅳ design.The results showed that the heterosis reflected by ear weight,general combining ability,over mid-parent and over high-parent were almost consistent.Heterosis patterns of ear weight were dynamic and changed with different germplasm resources,the different times and the different regions.Qi 319 and Shen137 maize inbred lines came from P group were high in general combining ability with other germplasm group.Main heterosis pattern at local place in this study: Lvdahonggu group×P group,Reid group×Lvdahonggu group,Tangsipingtou group×P group,Lancaster group×P group.
In present paper total combining ability,over mid-parent and over high-parent about ear weight were analyzed with 45 crosses made from 10 maize inbred lines of basic germplasm in domestic by Griffing Ⅳ design.The results showed that the heterosis reflected by ear weight,general combining ability,over mid-parent and over high-parent were almost consistent.Heterosis patterns of ear weight were dynamic and changed with different germplasm resources,the different times and the different regions.Qi 319 and Shen137 maize inbred lines came from P group were high in general combining ability with other germplasm group.Main heterosis pattern at local place in this study: Lvdahonggu group×P group,Reid group×Lvdahonggu group,Tangsipingtou group×P group,Lancaster group×P group.
2008, 16(05):33-36.
摘要:
The 6 maize inbred lines have been tested on the paper with the design of p1×p2 uncomplete diallel crossing of NCⅡ method to study on combining ability and its genetic parameters of 9 characters.The result indieated that the lines of Zheng311,Zheng314 and Ye478 with the higher common combining ability can be directly used,the lines of Zheng312 and Zheng315 with less comprehensive character must be modified before used.The 6 combinations with higher heterosis have potentiality of increasing yield production.In maize breeding program.The 8 characters such as kernel high per plant should be selected earlier and the 1 characters such as kernel weight per plant should be selected later.
The 6 maize inbred lines have been tested on the paper with the design of p1×p2 uncomplete diallel crossing of NCⅡ method to study on combining ability and its genetic parameters of 9 characters.The result indieated that the lines of Zheng311,Zheng314 and Ye478 with the higher common combining ability can be directly used,the lines of Zheng312 and Zheng315 with less comprehensive character must be modified before used.The 6 combinations with higher heterosis have potentiality of increasing yield production.In maize breeding program.The 8 characters such as kernel high per plant should be selected earlier and the 1 characters such as kernel weight per plant should be selected later.
10 玉米抗病性遗传改良
2008, 16(05):37-41.
摘要:
In this paper the main diseases of corn were elaborated on: Corn northern leaf blight,Corn southern leaf blight,Corn head smut,Corn smut,Corn stem rot(Corn stalk rot),Curvularia leaf spot of Corn,Gray leaf spot of Corn,Corn rust disease.Dwarf mosaic disease of Corn,Corn ear rot and their pathogens and prevalence.It indicted the genetic characteristics of resistance and research progress,the collection and screening of resistant resourses,the breeding and improvement methods of resistant varieties.
In this paper the main diseases of corn were elaborated on: Corn northern leaf blight,Corn southern leaf blight,Corn head smut,Corn smut,Corn stem rot(Corn stalk rot),Curvularia leaf spot of Corn,Gray leaf spot of Corn,Corn rust disease.Dwarf mosaic disease of Corn,Corn ear rot and their pathogens and prevalence.It indicted the genetic characteristics of resistance and research progress,the collection and screening of resistant resourses,the breeding and improvement methods of resistant varieties.
2008, 16(05):42-45.
摘要:
DTOPSIS was more suitable for multiple cropping corn varieties than the yield production analysis,and existing relative problems in comprehensive evaluation of DTOPSIS on corn varieties were also discussed.Eight corn varieties were evaluated by using the method of DTOPSIS,which taking the data from Xinjiang multiple cropping corn cultivars test area in 2006 as example.The results showed that CX4721 was the highest value of 0.577 3,XINYU 9 listed the second and CX3416 the third with the values of 0.5101 and 0.44 respectively.The three cultivars were suitable to grow in Southern Xinjiang.
DTOPSIS was more suitable for multiple cropping corn varieties than the yield production analysis,and existing relative problems in comprehensive evaluation of DTOPSIS on corn varieties were also discussed.Eight corn varieties were evaluated by using the method of DTOPSIS,which taking the data from Xinjiang multiple cropping corn cultivars test area in 2006 as example.The results showed that CX4721 was the highest value of 0.577 3,XINYU 9 listed the second and CX3416 the third with the values of 0.5101 and 0.44 respectively.The three cultivars were suitable to grow in Southern Xinjiang.
12 玉米种性退化研究进展
2008, 16(05):46-49.
摘要:
Genetic depression is a common phenomenon and natural rule of varieties depression.The paper in-troduced the phenomena and reasons of genetic depression,methods of delaying depression in detail and revealed the problemin research.Finally,it would give the prospect ofmaize genetic depression.
Genetic depression is a common phenomenon and natural rule of varieties depression.The paper in-troduced the phenomena and reasons of genetic depression,methods of delaying depression in detail and revealed the problemin research.Finally,it would give the prospect ofmaize genetic depression.
2008, 16(05):50-53.
摘要:
By using pot cultivation,an elite hybrid Nongda 108 and its parents as well as its three F2:4 family lines were grown under nitrogen applied(N+) and no N applied(N-) conditions to analyze the root traits of maize with variance genotypes on different stages.The results showed that significant or highly significant differences existed in the 4 root traits among genotypes at elongation stage,flowering stage and grain filling stage.Beside for the hybrid Nongda108 appearing obviously heterosis,the inbred line Xu178 was higher or significant higher in the 4 root traits than any other lines which ranked unstably in the root traits over stages,such as the line 2 was the poorest in root activity among the 5 lines,but its root volume was more larger,only smaller than that of Xu178,also the inbreed line Huang C was small in root volume but with more main root numbers.Obviously,keeping co-regulation among the root traits was the key for Xu178 to maintain excellence.The root traits appeared more higher over the 3 stages under N than N-condition,while the increasing rate varied with genotypes,Nongda108 and Xu178 with little increasing rates which referred that Xu178 was insensitive to low nitrogen stress,and was a high nitrogen using efficiency genotype under low nitrogen condition and also which was the genetic basis for Nongda108 to be a high nitrogen using efficiency hybrid.
By using pot cultivation,an elite hybrid Nongda 108 and its parents as well as its three F2:4 family lines were grown under nitrogen applied(N+) and no N applied(N-) conditions to analyze the root traits of maize with variance genotypes on different stages.The results showed that significant or highly significant differences existed in the 4 root traits among genotypes at elongation stage,flowering stage and grain filling stage.Beside for the hybrid Nongda108 appearing obviously heterosis,the inbred line Xu178 was higher or significant higher in the 4 root traits than any other lines which ranked unstably in the root traits over stages,such as the line 2 was the poorest in root activity among the 5 lines,but its root volume was more larger,only smaller than that of Xu178,also the inbreed line Huang C was small in root volume but with more main root numbers.Obviously,keeping co-regulation among the root traits was the key for Xu178 to maintain excellence.The root traits appeared more higher over the 3 stages under N than N-condition,while the increasing rate varied with genotypes,Nongda108 and Xu178 with little increasing rates which referred that Xu178 was insensitive to low nitrogen stress,and was a high nitrogen using efficiency genotype under low nitrogen condition and also which was the genetic basis for Nongda108 to be a high nitrogen using efficiency hybrid.
2008, 16(05):54-57.
摘要:
Zhengdan958 was taken as testing material and spraying different concentration 6-BA solution on the leaves surface at 3 leaves stage for studying the 6-BA effect on the nitrate reductase activity.The result showed that in 3 leaves stage,the NRA of leaves and leaf sheath was higher than that in root,the NRA of leaf sheath was higher than that of leaves.From bottom to apex,the NRA of the 1 leaf was higher than that of the 2,that of the 2 was higher than that of the 3.The NRA of leaves and leaf sheath and root had been changed by leaves surface spraying of 6-BA treatment.10 to 100 mg/kg 6-BA had promoted the NRA of leaves and had debased the NRA of root,but it had no regularly regulation on the leaf sheath.But the NRA of leaf and leaf sheath and root were promoted by 200 mg/ kg 6-BA treatment.
Zhengdan958 was taken as testing material and spraying different concentration 6-BA solution on the leaves surface at 3 leaves stage for studying the 6-BA effect on the nitrate reductase activity.The result showed that in 3 leaves stage,the NRA of leaves and leaf sheath was higher than that in root,the NRA of leaf sheath was higher than that of leaves.From bottom to apex,the NRA of the 1 leaf was higher than that of the 2,that of the 2 was higher than that of the 3.The NRA of leaves and leaf sheath and root had been changed by leaves surface spraying of 6-BA treatment.10 to 100 mg/kg 6-BA had promoted the NRA of leaves and had debased the NRA of root,but it had no regularly regulation on the leaf sheath.But the NRA of leaf and leaf sheath and root were promoted by 200 mg/ kg 6-BA treatment.
2008, 16(05):58-60.
摘要:
The seeds of corn were socked in wood vinegar with different concentrations,aiming at researching the effect of wood vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth.The results showed that all treatments had obvious effect on the seed germination percentage,the seed germinating energy and the germinating index,and had effect on the seedling length.The regress curses were CUBICS.The every treatment also created effect on the germinating time and regular.It showed that all treatments had obvious effect on the seedling length and above ground dry weight F>F0.05,F>F0.01,but no obvious effect on the chlorophyll and root dry weight.
The seeds of corn were socked in wood vinegar with different concentrations,aiming at researching the effect of wood vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth.The results showed that all treatments had obvious effect on the seed germination percentage,the seed germinating energy and the germinating index,and had effect on the seedling length.The regress curses were CUBICS.The every treatment also created effect on the germinating time and regular.It showed that all treatments had obvious effect on the seedling length and above ground dry weight F>F0.05,F>F0.01,but no obvious effect on the chlorophyll and root dry weight.
2008, 16(05):61-65.
摘要:
Drought is one of the most important factors influencing maize yield.QTL analysis for related traits under water stress will facilitate the understanding of genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance and provide the basis of marker-assisted selection.The present study conducted QTL analysis of flowering-related traits including days to tasseling,days to silking,days to anthesis and anthesis to silking interval(ASI) under different water regimes in Xinjiang and Beijing,using 139 F2∶3 families of A188×91 Huang 15.Totally 26 QTL were found to be associated with the flowering-related traits under normal water conditions,with the range of LOD of 2.62-8.40 and the range of phenotypic variance explained of 9.1%-43.2%.A QTL located near the marker"bnlg1176" on chromosome 8 controlled days to tasseling,days to silking and days to anthesis.Meanwhile,six QTL were found to be associated with the flowering-related traits under drought stress,with the range of LOD of 2.6-5.6 and the range of phenotypic variance explained of 9.5%-58.0%.A QTL also located near the marker "bnlg1176" on chromosome 8 controlled days to tasseling and days to silking,which could explain 16.6% and 20.5% of phenotypic variance.The genomic region near bnlg1176 on chromosome 8 is presumed to be an important region because eight QTL were found.
Drought is one of the most important factors influencing maize yield.QTL analysis for related traits under water stress will facilitate the understanding of genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance and provide the basis of marker-assisted selection.The present study conducted QTL analysis of flowering-related traits including days to tasseling,days to silking,days to anthesis and anthesis to silking interval(ASI) under different water regimes in Xinjiang and Beijing,using 139 F2∶3 families of A188×91 Huang 15.Totally 26 QTL were found to be associated with the flowering-related traits under normal water conditions,with the range of LOD of 2.62-8.40 and the range of phenotypic variance explained of 9.1%-43.2%.A QTL located near the marker"bnlg1176" on chromosome 8 controlled days to tasseling,days to silking and days to anthesis.Meanwhile,six QTL were found to be associated with the flowering-related traits under drought stress,with the range of LOD of 2.6-5.6 and the range of phenotypic variance explained of 9.5%-58.0%.A QTL also located near the marker "bnlg1176" on chromosome 8 controlled days to tasseling and days to silking,which could explain 16.6% and 20.5% of phenotypic variance.The genomic region near bnlg1176 on chromosome 8 is presumed to be an important region because eight QTL were found.
2008, 16(05):66-69.
摘要:
Utilized the 10 inbred lines of maize and matching the 24 hybrids as materials.By measuring 12 indicators for the maize seedling emergence stage under drought stress on the relative germination ratio,roots relative growth,sprout index of drought resisting,leaves relative water content,seedlings drought stress survival rate,seedling plant height and so on.And by utilized the gray correlation,hybrid heterosis and parent-offspring correlation analysis of corn shoots and identified the drought resistance indicators for evaluation and selection.The results showed seed germination index-tolerance,seedling survival rate could be defined as selection of the drought resistance indexes in maize seedling emergence stage resistance of the primary indicators.Root relative growth,relative water content,seedling height and relative germination rate may be taken as selection of the drought resistance indexes in maize seedling emergence stage resistance of the secondary indicators.
Utilized the 10 inbred lines of maize and matching the 24 hybrids as materials.By measuring 12 indicators for the maize seedling emergence stage under drought stress on the relative germination ratio,roots relative growth,sprout index of drought resisting,leaves relative water content,seedlings drought stress survival rate,seedling plant height and so on.And by utilized the gray correlation,hybrid heterosis and parent-offspring correlation analysis of corn shoots and identified the drought resistance indicators for evaluation and selection.The results showed seed germination index-tolerance,seedling survival rate could be defined as selection of the drought resistance indexes in maize seedling emergence stage resistance of the primary indicators.Root relative growth,relative water content,seedling height and relative germination rate may be taken as selection of the drought resistance indexes in maize seedling emergence stage resistance of the secondary indicators.
2008, 16(05):70-72.
摘要:
The effect of different NaCl and Na2SO4 stress on the growing and protective enzyme of maize seedling.The results showed that NaCl and Na2SO4 all injured to maize seedling.Protective enzyme of maize grown in NaCl were higher than grown in Na2SO4.And the suppress of maize seedling growing in NaCl was higher than in growing in Na2SO4.All these indicated that the injuring of maize growing in NaCl were higher than growing in Na2SO4.
The effect of different NaCl and Na2SO4 stress on the growing and protective enzyme of maize seedling.The results showed that NaCl and Na2SO4 all injured to maize seedling.Protective enzyme of maize grown in NaCl were higher than grown in Na2SO4.And the suppress of maize seedling growing in NaCl was higher than in growing in Na2SO4.All these indicated that the injuring of maize growing in NaCl were higher than growing in Na2SO4.
2008, 16(05):73-76.
摘要:
Suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) was performed to isolate the differentially expressed cDNA fragments on maize under low-zinc and zinc-deficiency conditions.In the forward-subtracted library,the cDNA of maize seedlings treated with low-zinc was used as tester and the cDNA of maize seedlings treated with zinc-deficiency was used as driver.In the reverse-subtracted library,the cDNA of maize seedlings treated with zinc-deficiency was used as tester and the cDNA of maize seedlings treated with low-zinc was used as driver.The cDNA fragments differentially expressed under low-zinc and zinc-deficiency conditions were collected in the forward and reverse subtracted library,respectively.Fifteen clones were randomly picked to sequence in each library.The sequencing results showed that the genes induced under low-zinc and zinc-deficiency conditions were different.The differentially expressed genes could be used to explain the different appearances when maize seedlings were treated with low-zinc and zinc-deficiency.
Suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) was performed to isolate the differentially expressed cDNA fragments on maize under low-zinc and zinc-deficiency conditions.In the forward-subtracted library,the cDNA of maize seedlings treated with low-zinc was used as tester and the cDNA of maize seedlings treated with zinc-deficiency was used as driver.In the reverse-subtracted library,the cDNA of maize seedlings treated with zinc-deficiency was used as tester and the cDNA of maize seedlings treated with low-zinc was used as driver.The cDNA fragments differentially expressed under low-zinc and zinc-deficiency conditions were collected in the forward and reverse subtracted library,respectively.Fifteen clones were randomly picked to sequence in each library.The sequencing results showed that the genes induced under low-zinc and zinc-deficiency conditions were different.The differentially expressed genes could be used to explain the different appearances when maize seedlings were treated with low-zinc and zinc-deficiency.
2008, 16(05):77-79.
摘要:
Using ELISA(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) methods,three-type phytohormone in cultured shoot apices of maize were determined.It showed that the contents of three kinds of endogenous cytokinins changed unbalanced,which including ZRs,DHZRs and iPAs,cytokinins kept in high contents totally compared to the contents of IAA and GA1/3.The concentration of IAA decreased with the in-vitro culture time was postponed,specially at the time of the 35-40 days when the ears or tassels emerged from the in vitro cultured shoot apices.The contents of GA1/3 increased steadily in all 40 days of the in-vitro culture progress,but the concentration of ABA kept in a very low level in all the in-vitro culture progress.These results exhibited that both GA1/3 and three kinds of cytokinins played an important and positive role when the maize shoot apices changed from the vegetative developmental stage to the reproductive one.
Using ELISA(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) methods,three-type phytohormone in cultured shoot apices of maize were determined.It showed that the contents of three kinds of endogenous cytokinins changed unbalanced,which including ZRs,DHZRs and iPAs,cytokinins kept in high contents totally compared to the contents of IAA and GA1/3.The concentration of IAA decreased with the in-vitro culture time was postponed,specially at the time of the 35-40 days when the ears or tassels emerged from the in vitro cultured shoot apices.The contents of GA1/3 increased steadily in all 40 days of the in-vitro culture progress,but the concentration of ABA kept in a very low level in all the in-vitro culture progress.These results exhibited that both GA1/3 and three kinds of cytokinins played an important and positive role when the maize shoot apices changed from the vegetative developmental stage to the reproductive one.
2008, 16(05):80-82.
摘要:
The article studied the distribution of N,P,K,invertase and soluble sugar in maize under low potassium stress,so that can discover relative mechanism of low potassium stress tolerance.Two inbred lines of maize seed,A which sensitive to K+ deficiency and B which tolerant to K+ deficiency were cultured in nutrient solutions of three different K+ concentration(5,100,1 000 μmol/L).After 4 weeks,the maize seedling had been cultured,the plants were transplanted into culture barrel and then cultured for 50 days.Assay the content of N,P,K and invertase,soluble sugar.Results showed that under low K+ concentration,the content of N and K of B increased significantly while the content of P decreased significantly,and the content of soluble sugar of B increased.The invertase activity is positive correlative with the content soluble sugar,and it ascended by companying with the increasing of potassium concentration.The results indicated that B improved its low potassium stress tolerance through increasing the content of N,K and soluble sugar and the invertase activity.
The article studied the distribution of N,P,K,invertase and soluble sugar in maize under low potassium stress,so that can discover relative mechanism of low potassium stress tolerance.Two inbred lines of maize seed,A which sensitive to K+ deficiency and B which tolerant to K+ deficiency were cultured in nutrient solutions of three different K+ concentration(5,100,1 000 μmol/L).After 4 weeks,the maize seedling had been cultured,the plants were transplanted into culture barrel and then cultured for 50 days.Assay the content of N,P,K and invertase,soluble sugar.Results showed that under low K+ concentration,the content of N and K of B increased significantly while the content of P decreased significantly,and the content of soluble sugar of B increased.The invertase activity is positive correlative with the content soluble sugar,and it ascended by companying with the increasing of potassium concentration.The results indicated that B improved its low potassium stress tolerance through increasing the content of N,K and soluble sugar and the invertase activity.
2008, 16(05):83-86.
摘要:
This experiment utilized Benyu9,Pingan18,Fenghe10,Sidan19 as materials,studied effects of nitrogen application on key enzyme in composing starch on spring maize.The results showed that ADPG-PPase and Q enzyme were the key enzyme in composing starch.N 200 kg/ha was the best disposal to Q enzyme activity of Benyu9,Pingan18,Sidan19,N 100 kg/hawas the best disposal to Q enzyme activity of Fenghe10.
This experiment utilized Benyu9,Pingan18,Fenghe10,Sidan19 as materials,studied effects of nitrogen application on key enzyme in composing starch on spring maize.The results showed that ADPG-PPase and Q enzyme were the key enzyme in composing starch.N 200 kg/ha was the best disposal to Q enzyme activity of Benyu9,Pingan18,Sidan19,N 100 kg/hawas the best disposal to Q enzyme activity of Fenghe10.
2008, 16(05):87-92.
摘要:
The influences of plastic film mulch on grain yield and seed quality of spring maize were studied under field experiment.The results showed that the micro-environment of maize was improved,water use efficiency(WUE) and grain yield were increased,and coarse starch content and seed bulk density were increased under the condition of plastic film mulch.The study also showed that the above results were due to water keeping and soil temperature increasing capability of plastic film which led to the improvement of soil microbe movement,the increase of soil available nutrient and the enhancement of root assimilating water and nutrient.Further,the root quantity and soil microbial biomass were increased,the stored nutrient of plant stem and leaves were also improved,the grouting intensity was enhanced and the period of that was also prolonged which lad to the more nutrients that were transformed during this period.All the factors finally led to the high grain yield and seed quality.
The influences of plastic film mulch on grain yield and seed quality of spring maize were studied under field experiment.The results showed that the micro-environment of maize was improved,water use efficiency(WUE) and grain yield were increased,and coarse starch content and seed bulk density were increased under the condition of plastic film mulch.The study also showed that the above results were due to water keeping and soil temperature increasing capability of plastic film which led to the improvement of soil microbe movement,the increase of soil available nutrient and the enhancement of root assimilating water and nutrient.Further,the root quantity and soil microbial biomass were increased,the stored nutrient of plant stem and leaves were also improved,the grouting intensity was enhanced and the period of that was also prolonged which lad to the more nutrients that were transformed during this period.All the factors finally led to the high grain yield and seed quality.
2008, 16(05):93-97.
摘要:
The wheat field different time interplanting conducts theresearch to the corn ecological environment and the crops growth relations.The result indicated that the light,heat,water resources unexpectedly struggle is the main reason of seedling weak and late seedling,illumination insufficient especially ismain.The wheat,the corn paragenesis time,the interplanting timemore early,corn seedling canopy illumination strongly goes paststrongly,the interplanting corn good soil warm lowly goes past,effective temperature higher,the soil moisture content is lower,the interplanting time is later,then otherwise.Under the interplanting time same condition,the strength of illumination,the soil daily average temperature,effective temperature the maximum temperature,the date is worse,the wheat ridge fields is bigger than the interplanting line;most low temperature,then otherwise.The wheat field sows seeds the watering from May 21 to May 26,namely when wheat harvest the corn unfolds in 3 times is suitable,both is advantageous to the wheat outputenhancement,and is advantageous to the corn growth and the output enhancement.
The wheat field different time interplanting conducts theresearch to the corn ecological environment and the crops growth relations.The result indicated that the light,heat,water resources unexpectedly struggle is the main reason of seedling weak and late seedling,illumination insufficient especially ismain.The wheat,the corn paragenesis time,the interplanting timemore early,corn seedling canopy illumination strongly goes paststrongly,the interplanting corn good soil warm lowly goes past,effective temperature higher,the soil moisture content is lower,the interplanting time is later,then otherwise.Under the interplanting time same condition,the strength of illumination,the soil daily average temperature,effective temperature the maximum temperature,the date is worse,the wheat ridge fields is bigger than the interplanting line;most low temperature,then otherwise.The wheat field sows seeds the watering from May 21 to May 26,namely when wheat harvest the corn unfolds in 3 times is suitable,both is advantageous to the wheat outputenhancement,and is advantageous to the corn growth and the output enhancement.
2008, 16(05):98-102.
摘要:
Density is the key factor of maize high-yield cultivation.Effects of planting density on agricultural characters,root system characters and yield were studied using different maize plant type semi-compact maize Jinhai 5,compact maize Zhengdan 958.The result showed that with the increasing of density,plant height was increased,stem diameter and ear diameter was decreased,ear was shorten,rare top length,No.of ear nod,ear height was increased,brace root number and total root number was decreased,the rate of root dry weight was increased within farming layers,population dry matter accumulation was increased and plant dry matter accumulation presented the opposite trend,ear linage,kernels per ear,100-kernels weight,double-ear rate,plant yield was decreased,yield was increased and decreased successively.The relation between yield and density of Jinhai 5 was Y=-625.67x2+9 044.5x-18 530,optimal plant density was 7.0×104-7.5×104 plants/ha,the relation between yield and density of Zhengdan 958 was Y=-375.67x2+6 410x-13 043,optimal plant density was 8.5×104-9.0×104 plants/ha.Analysis revealed the number of brace roots and total roots could be used as an indicator for plant dry weight and yield.
Density is the key factor of maize high-yield cultivation.Effects of planting density on agricultural characters,root system characters and yield were studied using different maize plant type semi-compact maize Jinhai 5,compact maize Zhengdan 958.The result showed that with the increasing of density,plant height was increased,stem diameter and ear diameter was decreased,ear was shorten,rare top length,No.of ear nod,ear height was increased,brace root number and total root number was decreased,the rate of root dry weight was increased within farming layers,population dry matter accumulation was increased and plant dry matter accumulation presented the opposite trend,ear linage,kernels per ear,100-kernels weight,double-ear rate,plant yield was decreased,yield was increased and decreased successively.The relation between yield and density of Jinhai 5 was Y=-625.67x2+9 044.5x-18 530,optimal plant density was 7.0×104-7.5×104 plants/ha,the relation between yield and density of Zhengdan 958 was Y=-375.67x2+6 410x-13 043,optimal plant density was 8.5×104-9.0×104 plants/ha.Analysis revealed the number of brace roots and total roots could be used as an indicator for plant dry weight and yield.
2008, 16(05):103-107.
摘要:
By pot experiments under an anti-drought and rain-proof shelter,two water treatments were designed including normal water supply and middle drought stress.It was studied to biological output,drought resistance,water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE) of 10 maize hybridized combinations.The results showed that there was significant difference or extreme significant difference in biological output and drought resistance and water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE) of 10 maize hybridized combinations under different soil moisture treatments.Comprehensive analysis on biological output and drought resistance and water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE),the performance of cross51×18599 was the best,and it was hybridized combination with high yield,drought resistance well,medium water consumption and high water use efficiency(WUE).
By pot experiments under an anti-drought and rain-proof shelter,two water treatments were designed including normal water supply and middle drought stress.It was studied to biological output,drought resistance,water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE) of 10 maize hybridized combinations.The results showed that there was significant difference or extreme significant difference in biological output and drought resistance and water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE) of 10 maize hybridized combinations under different soil moisture treatments.Comprehensive analysis on biological output and drought resistance and water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE),the performance of cross51×18599 was the best,and it was hybridized combination with high yield,drought resistance well,medium water consumption and high water use efficiency(WUE).
2008, 16(05):108-111.
摘要:
The result of a split-plot experiment showed that unit area yield of whole-plant fresh matter,fresh and dry ears reached highest on occasion of medium planting density with 82 500 plants/ha.Compared with the occasion of low density with 60 000 plants/ha,the respective yield was increased by 27.91%,0.59% and 16.57%;and with high density with 105 000 plants/ha,respectively by 2.60%,15.11% and 1.31%.Unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter reached highest on occasion of high density.The respective yield was increased by 1.57% on condition of low density and 22.84% on condition of medium density.With the increasing amount of nitrogen application,the unit area yield of whole-plant fresh matter went up gradually and reached highest on occasion of high nitrogen application with 500 kg/ha.Meanwhile,the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter,fresh and dry ears all decreased after initial increasing but reached highest on condition of medium nitrogen application with 300 kg/ha.Among all treatment combinations,the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter,fresh and dry ears was higher or highest on condition of medium nitrogen application with 300 kg/ha while the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter was highest on condition of high nitrogen application with 500 kg/ha with medium density.
The result of a split-plot experiment showed that unit area yield of whole-plant fresh matter,fresh and dry ears reached highest on occasion of medium planting density with 82 500 plants/ha.Compared with the occasion of low density with 60 000 plants/ha,the respective yield was increased by 27.91%,0.59% and 16.57%;and with high density with 105 000 plants/ha,respectively by 2.60%,15.11% and 1.31%.Unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter reached highest on occasion of high density.The respective yield was increased by 1.57% on condition of low density and 22.84% on condition of medium density.With the increasing amount of nitrogen application,the unit area yield of whole-plant fresh matter went up gradually and reached highest on occasion of high nitrogen application with 500 kg/ha.Meanwhile,the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter,fresh and dry ears all decreased after initial increasing but reached highest on condition of medium nitrogen application with 300 kg/ha.Among all treatment combinations,the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter,fresh and dry ears was higher or highest on condition of medium nitrogen application with 300 kg/ha while the unit area yield of whole-plant dry matter was highest on condition of high nitrogen application with 500 kg/ha with medium density.
2008, 16(05):112-114.
摘要:
Ton-grain field of 15 310 kg/ha was created by choosing Xianyu 335 as the high-yield cultivar and excellent field management.Cultivars in high-yield field have these high-yield factors: a high ration between three ear leaves area and individual plant area,excellent ear characteristics uniformity,higher dry matter accumulation in the late of growth stage,higher economic coefficient.
Ton-grain field of 15 310 kg/ha was created by choosing Xianyu 335 as the high-yield cultivar and excellent field management.Cultivars in high-yield field have these high-yield factors: a high ration between three ear leaves area and individual plant area,excellent ear characteristics uniformity,higher dry matter accumulation in the late of growth stage,higher economic coefficient.
2008, 16(05):115-119.
摘要:
To study the effect of plant density on regularity of accumulation,distribution and transfer of dry matter on spring maize,the experiment was conducted in agronomy experimental station in Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology in 2005.There were five density levels.The results was that the dynamics of dry matter accumulation of single plant and population showed S curve,and the dynamics of dry matter accumulation of the organ showed single peak curve.The effect of plant density on dry matter was more and more after elongating stage,the difference among all treatments was the biggest at the mature stage.Before grouting stage,the distribution of dry matter in organ was not affected by plant density,but the ratio of dry matter in vegetable organ was increased,and that of the ear was reduced when plant density was increased after grouting stage.The ratio of transfer and contribution of dry matter in stem and sheath was increased when plant density was increased,but that of leaf was contrary.
To study the effect of plant density on regularity of accumulation,distribution and transfer of dry matter on spring maize,the experiment was conducted in agronomy experimental station in Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology in 2005.There were five density levels.The results was that the dynamics of dry matter accumulation of single plant and population showed S curve,and the dynamics of dry matter accumulation of the organ showed single peak curve.The effect of plant density on dry matter was more and more after elongating stage,the difference among all treatments was the biggest at the mature stage.Before grouting stage,the distribution of dry matter in organ was not affected by plant density,but the ratio of dry matter in vegetable organ was increased,and that of the ear was reduced when plant density was increased after grouting stage.The ratio of transfer and contribution of dry matter in stem and sheath was increased when plant density was increased,but that of leaf was contrary.
30 玉米施磷肥的生物效应
2008, 16(05):120-122.
摘要:
On the base of low phosphorus soil,studying biological effect of phosphorus fertilizer application,the results showed phosphorus application behaved significant biological effects at the whole growing stage.Phosphorus application compared with no-phosphorus treatment,root dry weight increased 26.5%-188.2% at seeding stage,max-leaf area index increased 0.25-0.58,LAD and photosynthesis productivity improved significantly,grain filling accelerated,1 000-grain weight and yield increased remarkably.
On the base of low phosphorus soil,studying biological effect of phosphorus fertilizer application,the results showed phosphorus application behaved significant biological effects at the whole growing stage.Phosphorus application compared with no-phosphorus treatment,root dry weight increased 26.5%-188.2% at seeding stage,max-leaf area index increased 0.25-0.58,LAD and photosynthesis productivity improved significantly,grain filling accelerated,1 000-grain weight and yield increased remarkably.
2008, 16(05):123-125.
摘要:
The studies were conducted in field under artificial inoculation condition.The relationship between the disease severity and loss in grain yield caused by corn sheath blight was established.Yield loss rose gradually with the disease severity increasing.
The studies were conducted in field under artificial inoculation condition.The relationship between the disease severity and loss in grain yield caused by corn sheath blight was established.Yield loss rose gradually with the disease severity increasing.
2008, 16(05):126-130.
摘要:
Compared with the differentiation of gray leaf spot(GLS)pathogen in virulence,isozyme level and DNA level,we drew the conclusion that there existed certain correlation between the virulence of some isolated from GLS pathogen and their isozyme spectrums.However,the variation of isozymes could not represent the differentiation of all isolates from GLS pathogen in virulence completely.The correlation between RAPD labels and virulence of GLS pathogen were smaller,so it could get more perfect results when identifying the isolated with obvious differentiation in virulence.
Compared with the differentiation of gray leaf spot(GLS)pathogen in virulence,isozyme level and DNA level,we drew the conclusion that there existed certain correlation between the virulence of some isolated from GLS pathogen and their isozyme spectrums.However,the variation of isozymes could not represent the differentiation of all isolates from GLS pathogen in virulence completely.The correlation between RAPD labels and virulence of GLS pathogen were smaller,so it could get more perfect results when identifying the isolated with obvious differentiation in virulence.
2008, 16(05):131-134.
摘要:
The newly occurred corn disease,sheath rot of corn,the biological characteristics of the disease causal agent Fusarium proliferatum(Mats.) Nirenberg was studied.The results indicated that the optimum temperature for the pathogen growth and both microconidia and macroconidia germination ranged 25℃-30℃.The optimum pH values for the pathogen growth was 5-6,Chlamydospores were produced from mycelia and macroconidia on PSA medium after 10-12 days cultured.The pathogen grew better in many kinds of sugar as the carbon sources,such as sucrose,dextrose,xylose,galactose,lactose,and starch and sorbose take the second place.And the fungus grew better in many kinds of nitrogen sources,such as beef extract,yeast extract,potassium nitrate,ammonium chloride,ammonium sulfate,potassium nitrate.The medium which only contained nitrogen sources was not in favour of the pathogen growth.The optimum medium for pathogen growth was Richard's;PDA,PSA,corn flour,oatmeal and the colony were different in color.
The newly occurred corn disease,sheath rot of corn,the biological characteristics of the disease causal agent Fusarium proliferatum(Mats.) Nirenberg was studied.The results indicated that the optimum temperature for the pathogen growth and both microconidia and macroconidia germination ranged 25℃-30℃.The optimum pH values for the pathogen growth was 5-6,Chlamydospores were produced from mycelia and macroconidia on PSA medium after 10-12 days cultured.The pathogen grew better in many kinds of sugar as the carbon sources,such as sucrose,dextrose,xylose,galactose,lactose,and starch and sorbose take the second place.And the fungus grew better in many kinds of nitrogen sources,such as beef extract,yeast extract,potassium nitrate,ammonium chloride,ammonium sulfate,potassium nitrate.The medium which only contained nitrogen sources was not in favour of the pathogen growth.The optimum medium for pathogen growth was Richard's;PDA,PSA,corn flour,oatmeal and the colony were different in color.
2008, 16(05):135-137.
摘要:
The August to September 2007,researched and collected the stylebook of main corn diseases of the districts in Jilin province including Changchun,Siping,Yanbian,Baicheng etc.The research showed that northern corn leaf blight and gray leaf spot occurred in large in Jilin province.Partly corn production-areas of Baicheng and Songyuan district northern corn leaf blight occurrence reached 100%,and gray leaf spot reached 90%,and will probably grew up main corn diseases years in the future.Some areas eyespot,maize stalk rot,corn sheath blight,common smut,southern corn leaf blight,heat smut,etc,will occur also widely,and even grew up the main corn disease in some corn production-areas in this year.
The August to September 2007,researched and collected the stylebook of main corn diseases of the districts in Jilin province including Changchun,Siping,Yanbian,Baicheng etc.The research showed that northern corn leaf blight and gray leaf spot occurred in large in Jilin province.Partly corn production-areas of Baicheng and Songyuan district northern corn leaf blight occurrence reached 100%,and gray leaf spot reached 90%,and will probably grew up main corn diseases years in the future.Some areas eyespot,maize stalk rot,corn sheath blight,common smut,southern corn leaf blight,heat smut,etc,will occur also widely,and even grew up the main corn disease in some corn production-areas in this year.
2008, 16(05):138-139.
摘要:
A pair of species-specific primer for sporisorium reilianum was designed according to the pra3 gene of sporisorium reilianum,and the results of polymerase chain reaction showed that a 499bp DNA was amplified by using the primers,and the PCR-based assay could detect more than 1pg fungal DNA using the primer.The PCR as a highly sensitive and reliable tool,could be used in detection of sporisorium reilianum.
A pair of species-specific primer for sporisorium reilianum was designed according to the pra3 gene of sporisorium reilianum,and the results of polymerase chain reaction showed that a 499bp DNA was amplified by using the primers,and the PCR-based assay could detect more than 1pg fungal DNA using the primer.The PCR as a highly sensitive and reliable tool,could be used in detection of sporisorium reilianum.
2008, 16(05):140-143.
摘要:
The results of the experiment expressed the disease resistance was that the different corn inbred lines on the southern leaf blight and corn gray leaf spot existed certain difference.The better resisting diseases inbred lines to the southern leaf blight include 308,Liao122 and Xun92-6.The better resisting diseases inbred lines to corn gray leaf spot include H21,478 and Xun92-6.The better resisting diseases inbred lines to the southern leaf blight and corn gray leaf spot include Xun92-6,308 and 478.
The results of the experiment expressed the disease resistance was that the different corn inbred lines on the southern leaf blight and corn gray leaf spot existed certain difference.The better resisting diseases inbred lines to the southern leaf blight include 308,Liao122 and Xun92-6.The better resisting diseases inbred lines to corn gray leaf spot include H21,478 and Xun92-6.The better resisting diseases inbred lines to the southern leaf blight and corn gray leaf spot include Xun92-6,308 and 478.
37 玉米花粉生活力研究进展
2008, 16(05):144-146.
摘要:
Grain numbers produced per ear is one of the most important factors affecting grain yield of maize and is determined in a large extent by pollination process.In this paper the research advanced on pollen grain viability and pollination capability of pollen grains,and effects of environmental factors including temperature,humidity,and water content of pollen grain and mineral elements on these characteristics in maize(Zea Mays L.) were reviewed.Measuring of pollen grain viability was also discussed.
Grain numbers produced per ear is one of the most important factors affecting grain yield of maize and is determined in a large extent by pollination process.In this paper the research advanced on pollen grain viability and pollination capability of pollen grains,and effects of environmental factors including temperature,humidity,and water content of pollen grain and mineral elements on these characteristics in maize(Zea Mays L.) were reviewed.Measuring of pollen grain viability was also discussed.
2008, 16(05):147-149.
摘要:
In this paper,it analyzed the main limiting factors of maize produced of Songnen champaign south-central in Heilongjiang province were drought,plant density and low rate of keeping seedlings,low level in extent and mechanization,soil nutrient misbalance,confused and disorderly breeds,lack of technology and information and so on,the solved strategy for these influential factors were also proposed.The result will be useful for promoting maize production of Songnen champaign south-central in Heilongjiang province,raising income of farmers and ensuring nation food security.
In this paper,it analyzed the main limiting factors of maize produced of Songnen champaign south-central in Heilongjiang province were drought,plant density and low rate of keeping seedlings,low level in extent and mechanization,soil nutrient misbalance,confused and disorderly breeds,lack of technology and information and so on,the solved strategy for these influential factors were also proposed.The result will be useful for promoting maize production of Songnen champaign south-central in Heilongjiang province,raising income of farmers and ensuring nation food security.
2008, 16(05):150-152.
摘要:
The thesis introduces the drought disasters in Jilin Province and the corresponding countermeasures of decreasing and preventing disasters.It puts forward the principle of prevention,that is "Prevention is the main measure and comprehensive harnessing measures should be adopted",or we should take the measures of "Taking prevention as the chief measure,and prevention and salvage combining together".At the same times,it emphasizes that we should strengthen the researches of meteorological sciences,strengthen the construction of water conservancy works,improve the ecological environment in agricultural fields,take favorable measures to avoid natural disasters,conform to the climatic changes and develop planting that is suitable to local conditions,make researches on the monitoring techniques of soil moisture content and drought.We should strengthen the researches on the preventing,regulating and controlling techniques of agricultural drought.
The thesis introduces the drought disasters in Jilin Province and the corresponding countermeasures of decreasing and preventing disasters.It puts forward the principle of prevention,that is "Prevention is the main measure and comprehensive harnessing measures should be adopted",or we should take the measures of "Taking prevention as the chief measure,and prevention and salvage combining together".At the same times,it emphasizes that we should strengthen the researches of meteorological sciences,strengthen the construction of water conservancy works,improve the ecological environment in agricultural fields,take favorable measures to avoid natural disasters,conform to the climatic changes and develop planting that is suitable to local conditions,make researches on the monitoring techniques of soil moisture content and drought.We should strengthen the researches on the preventing,regulating and controlling techniques of agricultural drought.
