Effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on nitrogen utilization and ammonia volatilization from maize farmland in black soil region of Northeast China
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Abstract:
【Objective】In order to understand the effects of nitrogen regulation on nitrogen utilization and ammonia volatilization from maize farmland in black soil region of Northeast China,【Method】Field experiments were conducted in Lishu county of Jilin province in 2018 and 2019. Six treatments were set up: no nitrogen as control (N0), conventional nitrogen application (Nconv), optimized nitrogen application (Nopt), controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer application (Nctrl), organic fertilizer addition (FM) and straw returning (SR). The ammonia volatilization fluxes under different managements were determined in situ by venting method, and nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen balance were calculated. 【Result】 The results showed thatcompared with the Nconv treatment, the nitrogen use efficiency was significantly increased by 14.1%, 15.6%, 24.2% and 27.1% in thetreatments Nopt, Nctrl, FM, and SR, respectively. Compared with N0, NConv, NCtrl, and SR, the NOPT and FM treatments significantly increased the total ammonia volatilization, accounting for 3.2% and 4.2% of the nitrogen fertilizer application rate, respectively. The estimated results of nitrogen balance showed that the Nopt reduced the apparent nitrogen losses by 46.2%and the nitrogen surplus by 30.1%.【Conclusion】The nitrogen use efficiency can be greatly improved while the yield is stable by regulating the amount, period and type of nitrogen fertilizer. The application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer can significantly reduce the loss of ammonia volatilization. Therefore, in this study area, the management of "controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer application + straw returning" is more conducive to increase maize yield and nitrogen efficiency, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution.