Response of Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Spring Maize Roots to Controlled Urea Input in Arid Area
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Abstract:
To explore the response of soil inorganic nitrogen and spring maize root system to the input of controlled release urea(CRU) in the arid area of southern Ningxia. In this research, the cultivar “Xianyu698” was applied as research material. Five nitrogen application regimes: No nitrogen was applied as the control(CK), Conventional urea(U) supply UR: 100% U, 1/3 U base application, 1/3 U flare opening period application, CRU1: 1/3 CRU+1/3 U base application, 1/3 U flare opening period application, CRU2: 2/3 CRU+1/3 U base application, CRU3: 100% CRU base application were set to analyze the effects of CRU on the spatial and temporal distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen and root growth distribution, nitrogen uptake efficiency and grain yield of maize. The results indicated that the content of soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in CRU significantly increased at late stage of spring maize compared with UR. Additionally, CRU2 had the most obvious effect in CRU. UR and CRU have different effects on root system parameters in different periods. UR in the early stage is beneficial to root growth, while CRU after anthesis has a greater impact on root length and root weight density of 0-80 cm soil layer. The path analysis is further It shows that the change of corn root length and root weight density is one of the important reasons for increasing yield. CRU input significantly increased the nitrogen content of the plant and the grain yield during the whole growth period. Among them, 15 days after flowering, CRU increased grain nitrogen content compared with UR. The outstanding one is CRU2, which is not only the grain has high nitrogen content, but also high yield. CRU2 grain yield was 14.65 t/hm2, which was 32.70%, 5.78%, 1.52% and 5.17% higher than CK, UR, CRU1 and CRU3, respectively. Consequently, through 2/3 CRU+1/3 U basal application can effectively increase the nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content in topsoil, promote the growth and development of maize roots which ensure the supply and demand of nutrients during the growth period of maize, it is realized to high yield and high efficiency cultivation of spring maize.
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