Comprehensive Analysis of Characteristics of Released Maize HybridsIn Shanxi Province in Recent Years
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Abstract:
Maize is the largest grain crop in Shanxi Province, and its yield level directly affects grain production in Shanxi Province, playing a crucial role in ensuring food security and increasing farmers' income. In this study, 563 common maize varieties approved by Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2023 are collected, comprehensively analyzing the annual changes and correlations of their17 traits, in order to provide a reference for further research on the impact of maize variety replacementon major traits and future maize breeding direction. The results show that: (1) there is a significant interannual difference in seed kernel rate (F=2.038 *), and the annual seed kernel rate exhibits a significant downward trend over time (R=0.677); No significant difference were observed in other quantitative traits, although the growth period, bulk density, crude protein content, and crude fat content tend to shorten or decrease; Plant height, ear length, and yield show an increasing trend, while ear height and crude starch content show a slow increase; The 100-kernel weight remains stable. (2) Over the past five years, the main characteristics of the audited ordinary maize varieties include red cob, susceptibility to head smut, moderate resistance or susceptibility to stalk rot, resistance or moderate resistance to ear rot, resistance to leaf blight, and susceptibility to dwarf mosaic virus. (3) Correlation analysis reveals that six out of seven quantitative traits have statistically significant correlation coefficients, with the highest correlation coefficient between plant height and seed kernel rate; Correlation coefficients between quality traits are relatively low, except for the correlation between leaf blight and cob color. (4)Principal component analysis and cluster analysis shows that disease resistance, crude starch content, crude fat content, 100 kernel weight and growth period are the main factors influencing variety performance. (5) Future selection of superior maize varieties should focus on reasonably reducing plant height and ear height, suitability for dense planting, improving kernel rate and increasing yield, and ensuring coordination among various grain quality components.
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