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Molecular mechanism of maize aasr1 gene resistance to Curvularia leaf spot disease based on the antioxidant system

Gou shuai, Han Jiarui, Zhang Dan, Wang Xiuhua, Zheng Dahao, Piao Shiling, Wu Weilin, Li xiaohui

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Curvularia lunata leaf spot disease is a serious disease caused by Curvularia lunata. The Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced proteins (ASR) protein family plays an important role in plants' response to various abiotic stresses, but its function in the disease resistance process of maize is still unclear. To explore the molecular mechanism of ASR proteins in maize's response to Curvularia lunata infection, this study used the highly susceptible inbred lines Huangzaosi and Chang7-2 and the highly resistant inbred lines Shen137 and Qi319 as materials and successfully cloned a maize ASR gene (aasr1). Sequence analysis: The coding sequence (CDS) length of Huangzaosi and Chang7-2 was 426 bp, and that of Shen137 and Qi319 was 417 bp. There were 12 base mutations in the CDS region, and the encoded proteins had 5 amino acid differences. The Aasr1 protein is a hydrophilic acidic protein without signal peptides or transmembrane structures. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that the Aasr1 protein is located in the nucleus, indicating that it may function as a transcriptional regulatory factor. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this protein is most closely related to the genus Setaria of the Poaceae family. Under Curvularia lunata infection conditions, the resistant varieties Shen137 and Qi319 showed a stronger defense response. The peak activities of their antioxidant enzyme systems, including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), were significantly higher than those of the susceptible varieties Huangzaosi and Chang7-2, while the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), a membrane lipid peroxidation product, was significantly lower. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis found that the aasr1 gene was significantly more induced by pathogen infection in the resistant varieties, and its expression pattern was highly coordinated with the changes in defense enzyme activities.
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The Impact of Agricultural Production Outsourcing on Farmers' Fertilizer Application Behavior and Its Mechanism

LIU Hao, ZHANG Qian, LÜ Jie, xueying

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To protect agricultural productivity, reducing fertiliser application is the key to clean and high-quality agricultural development. Based on empirical tests of research data from 825 maize farmers in three northeastern provinces, we explored the impact of agricultural production outsourcing on farmers' fertilizer reduction and its mechanism of action. The study found that, firstly, agricultural production outsourcing significantly reduced fertiliser application. The findings remain robust after replacing the explanatory variables, replacing the explanatory variables and considering the endogeneity issue. Second, the mechanism test indicates that service scale serialisation has a positive moderating effect between agricultural production outsourcing and fertiliser reduction. Service scale serialisation promotes farmers’fertiliser reduction and plays a moderating role in influencing farmers’ fertiliser reduction under agricultural production outsourcing. Third, outsourcing of land preparation and sowing and fertiliser application reinforces the facilitating effect of agricultural production outsourcing in reducing fertiliser application, while field management and harvesting do not have the effect of reducing fertiliser application. The above findings suggest that farmers' participation in outsourcing of agricultural production can reduce fertiliser application, and that the scale of service delivery is moderated by the facilitating effect of land preparation and seeding and fertiliser application in the different segments.
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Effects of Irrigation Strategies on Seed Germination Characteristics of F1 Generation of Seed Maize

DUAN Tian-jiang, WANG Qiang, TANG Jia-yu, MA Xiao-mei, ZHENG Ji-liang, LIANG Fei

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Irrigation is crucial for maintaining high yield and seed vigor in maize production. To understand the effects of irrigation strategies on seed maize, this study evaluated different water application levels using trickle furrow irrigation and drip irrigation under mulch. The female parent received six treatments: trickle furrow irrigation at 7200 (T1) and 4800 (T2) m3/hm2, and drip irrigation under mulch at 6000 (D1), 4800 (D2), 3600 (D3), and 2400 (D4) m3/hm2. We measured yield and seed traits for each treatment and performed germination tests on F1 F1generation seeds to determine germination rate, germination energy, germination index, vigor index, and root length. The results showed that: (1) drip irrigation under mulch outperformed TI in improving yield and seed quality. At the same water volume, drip irrigation under mulch significantly higher than yield, average seed diameter, germination index, vigor index, seedling dry weight, and root length. (2) Among drip irrigation under mulch treatments, D2 resulted in significantly higher thousand-kernel weight, yield, and average seed diameter than D3 and D4. It also enhanced F1 germination performance, raising germination rate by 11.56%–32.74%, germination index by 26.02%–54.64%, and vigor index by 34.22%–109.76%. (3) Compared with T1, D2 increased F1 germination rate, germination index, and vigor index by 17.16%, 29.46%, and 59.90%, respectively. (4) Although D1 had slightly higher thousand-kernel weight, yield, average seed diameter, and color intensity than D2, it significantly reduced germination index, vigor index, and root length—by 18.00%, 32.41%, and 17.41% on average, respectively. In conclusion, rational irrigation practices improve seed maize yield and F1 generation seed quality, whereas inappropriate methods or over-irrigation can reduce performance. Under this study’s conditions, drip irrigation under mulch at 4800 m3/hm2 (D2) was determined to be the optimal irrigation strategy.
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Effects of High Temperature Stress on the Reproductive Organs of Super Sweet Corn

WANG Yi-shuang, Sun Tao, YU Yu-lin, WANG Dong-xing, CUI Ni-ni, YU Hai-bing, YU LI, CHENG Xin-xin

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Abstract: The high-temperature stress caused by global climate change has become the main factor threatening corn production, especially posing a severe challenge to the reproductive period of heat-sensitive ultra-sweet corn. To clarify the specific impact of high temperature on its reproductive organs, this study adopted a completely randomized block design from 2023-2024 with three temperature treatments (CK: 25-28℃, T1: 31-34℃, T2: 35-38℃) from the jointing stage to the flour release stage, to systematically evaluate the effect of high temperature on the reproductive organs of ultra-sweet corn.The results showed that compared with the control (CK), high-temperature treatment had significant inhibitory effects on the number of male spike branches, the length of male spike branches, the length of male spike main spikes, the size of male spikes, the number of male spikes' florets, the length of male spikes' florets, and the volume of male spikes. Among them, the number of male spikes' florets was most affected, with a reduction of up to 5.33%-38.87%. The duration of loose powder and the total amount of loose powder decreased by 9.09% to 38.24% and 13.38% to 68.13% respectively, while the duration of filament growth, the length of filament growth and the number of filament growth decreased by 28.95% to 40.00%, 8.98% to 58.87% and 17.39% to 39.43% respectively. The ultrastructural results show that under high-temperature stress, pollen is severely dehydrated, with severe wrinkles on the surface and sunken germination pores, and pollen viability significantly decreases.This study clarified the multi-dimensional inhibitory effects of high temperature on the reproductive organs of ultra-sweet corn, providing a theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation regulation of high-temperature tolerant varieties.
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The influence of soil conditioners on soil aggregate structure and water-holding capacity of summer maize fields in coastal saline-alkali landZHANG Yunbo1^{, HAN Xiaochen}1^{, WEI Shuran}1^{, ZHAO Bin}1^{, REN Baozhao}1^{, ZHANG Jiwang}1

ZhangYunbo, HanXiaochen, WeiShuran, ZhaoBin, RenBaizhao, ZhangJiwang, LiuPeng, RenHao

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【Objective】 To explore the regulatory effects of different soil conditioner formulations on the formation mechanism of aggregates and water retention function in coastal saline soil, and to provide scientific support for soil improvement in summer maize fields in coastal saline-alkali areas. 【Method】 Field trials were conducted in Binzhou, Shandong Province from 2022 to 2023. Summer maize was planted and a control group (CK, without improves) and three treatment groups were set up: T1 (silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium, 1500 kg hm?2), T2 (silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium - zeolite, 1500 kg hm?2), and T3 (silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium -PAM, 1500 kg hm?2). Determine the soil bulk density, porosity, aggregate composition and moisture characteristics of the 0-20 cm soil layer. 【Result】 Compared with CK: The bulk density during the filament spinning period in group T1 decreased by 10.1%, and the porosity increased by 7.2%. The proportion of large aggregates during the mature period increased by 106.8%. The saturated water content and field capacity during the silk spinning stage both increased by 13.1%. In group T2, the bulk density decreased by 9.8% and the porosity increased by 7.1% during the filament spinning period. The proportion of large aggregates at full maturity increased by 107.2%. The saturated water content and field capacity during the silk spinning period increased by 12.1% and 11.7% respectively. In group T3, the bulk density decreased by 9.1% and the porosity increased by 12.1% during the filament spinning period. The saturated water content and field capacity during the silk spinning period increased by 10.7% and 14.8% respectively. 【Conclusion】 All three improvers significantly improved the physical properties of the 0-20 cm plough layer soil. Among them, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium PAM (T3) and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite (T2) compound agents not only improved the soil aggregate structure but also significantly enhanced the water-holding capacity of the 0-40 cm soil layer during the silk production stage, creating a favorable water supply condition for crop growth.
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Comprehensive Evaluation of Disease Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Backbone Inbred-Line Hybrids of Maize in Southwest China

LI YAN

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Elite maize inbred lines from Southwest China possess strong stress resistance and high combining ability, making them become key genetic resources for the stable development of the local maize industry. Elite maize inbred lines are widely used for assembling hybrids in maize breeding practice. In order to evaluate the disease resistance and agronomic traits of hybrids derived from these elite inbred lines, this study assessed the field resistance of major maize diseases and investigated agronomic traits of 79 hybrids in two field trial plots (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and Chengdu, Sichuan). Comprehensive scoring was performed using the coefficient of variation weighting method. The hybrid combinations Chengzi6211×DT297, SH1070×SCML0849, SH1070×DT297, 08-641×Znc-442 and ZHF141×ST32 were identified as superior materials in Xishuangbanna, while SH1070×ST32, Mo17×Znc-442, and SD375×ST32 were identified as superior materials in Chengdu. These results demonstrate significant differences in disease resistance and agronomic traits of maize under different ecological environments. This provides important references for disease-resistant maize breeding and the exploration of elite germplasm resources in Southwest China.
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Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of Ideal Maize Varieties and Trial Environments in Henan Provincial Regional Trials

ZHOU Ning, WANG Qilei, ZHANG Xiangfen, SHI Qingling, CHEN Jiafa, PENG Zebin, LIU Guizhen

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This study employed the GGE biplot analysis model to analyze and comprehensively evaluate maize cultivars that participated in consecutive regional trials across two years (2023 and 2024) in Henan Province. Traditional statistical methods often focus on a single experimental environment, presenting limitations in analyzing the interaction effects of 'genotype × environment' and 'genotype × trait'. These limitations hinder the systematic evaluation of variety adaptability and environmental representativeness, thereby constraining the efficient utilization of experimental data. This study intuitively and effectively evaluated the superiority of various experimental environments and tested varieties, providing a comprehensive approach for assessing their performance in agricultural research. The results revealed that in the 2023 regional trial, ‘Q2389’ demonstrated superior yield stability within the same ecological zone encompassing test sites such as Xuchang. Similarly, ‘Weike 905’ emerged as the top-performing cultivar in terms of yield stability within the ecological zone including Luoyang test sites during the 2024 trial. Furthermore, through comprehensive ranking using the GYT biplot, this study identified ‘Q2389’ and ‘Baiyu 8687’ as outstanding new maize varieties. The analysis of cultivar distances from ideal genotypes incorporated not only overall yield and stability across environments but also multiple key traits associated with maize productivity. These findings hold significant practical value for advancing the evaluation and approval processes of new maize varieties in regional trials.
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A high throughput in vitro leaves artificial inoculation method for Southern Rust

GUO Ning, MA Hong-xia, SUN Hua, SHI Jie, WANG Xin, ZHENG Xiao-juan

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To establish a high-throughput in vitro leaf inoculation identification technology for Southern Rust, the effects of green holding agent in vitro maize leaves, inoculation concentration, and the optimal temperature and humidity for cultivation on the artificial inoculation identification effect were studied.The results showed that a mixture of 20mg/L 6-BA and Hoglan nutrient solution diluted 15 times in a ratio of 4:1 had the best greenness retention effect on isolated corn leaves. The optimal inoculation and identification system was based on a concentration of 1×105 cells /mL, a culture temperature of 25℃, and a relative humidity of 85-90%.The resistance of rural varieties to southern rust was evaluated by applying this inoculation identification method, which was relatively consistent with the field identification results.This method overcomes the drawbacks of field inoculation for southern rust disease and provides a new technical reference for the exploration, screening and evaluation of resistance resources and variety breeding of southern rust disease in corn.
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Analysis of Yield and Agronomic Traits for Fresh Waxy Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Regional test in Recent Years

SHI Li-li, WHANG Shuo-kai, ZHANG Pan, LU Dao-wen, SUN Hai-chao, LI Yong-jiang, ZHANG Ying-ying, ZHAO Jun, LI Xin, DONG Wen-heng

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To elucidate the characteristic traits and evolutionary patterns of fresh waxy maize varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, this study utilized data from regional test conducted between 2015 and 2023, involving trial varieties from this region. A comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the nine-year regional trial data were performed using principal component analysis and other methods. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for the quality analysis of residue ratio was the highest, at 22.6%.The overall trend of residue ratio, crude starch , and Total taste quality is on the rise,while percentage of amylopectin in total starch is not significant.Analysis of agronomic traits showed that the folding and lodging rate had the highest CV (138.6%), followed by empty stalk rate (71.7%) and bald tip length (60.6%). Correlation analysis indicated that fresh ear yield was highly significantly positively correlated with ear diameter, ear length, kernel number per row, fresh 100-kernel weight, and residue rate. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted five principal (eigenvalues >1) , collectively explaining 79.5% of cumulative variance. Analysis of yield, disease resistance, and quality of approved varieties revealed that the average yields of the approved and tested varieties were 12574.0kg/ha and 12559.7kg/ha, respectively.There were no highly resistant varieties to southern leaf blight, head smut, and ustilago.There were more highly susceptible varieties to dwarf mosaic disease and smut smut disease, and there were varieties with good disease resistance among different diseases.The main quality traits of the approved varieties are better than those of the tested varieties, and there is only one variety with good quality and yield in the top ten. Based on the results of this study, the selection of fresh waxy maize varieties should balance the relationship between yield and quality, disease resistance, lodging resistance, and other agronomic traits.
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Anthocyanin Distribution in Different Organs and Ear Accumulation Dynamics of Purple Sweet Corn Varieties

zhao haichao

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Using waxy corn varieties Jinuo 2403, Jinuo 188, Jinuo 172, Jinuo 2402, sweet-waxy corn Heitienuo 188, and sweet corn Motong Heitian as experimental materials, the anthocyanin contents in different plant organs and the dynamic changes in ear anthocyanin accumulation were determined. Results showed that the anthocyanin content in kernels of different purple fresh corn varieties ranged from 3.67 to 6.83 U?g_-¹, with the cob containing 2.4 times more anthocyanins than the kernels. Among plant organs, anthocyanin content followed the order: cob > leaf > husk > kernel > root > stem. The sweet corn Motong Heitian exhibited relatively high anthocyanin content in husk, cob, and stem, while the waxy corn Jinuo 172 showed higher anthocyanin content in kernels, and the sweet-waxy corn Heitienuo 188 had relatively low anthocyanin content overall. Across different varieties, anthocyanin contents in kernels and husks decreased initially and then increased during grain development, reaching the lowest level at the mid-filling stage and peaking at maturity. In contrast, cob anthocyanin content increased first and then declined, reaching the maximum at the milk stage. In conclusion, purple sweet corn generally contained higher anthocyanin levels, and kernel anthocyanin content exhibited a fluctuating upward trend throughout grain maturation.
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Effect of different diammonium phosphate fertilizers on yeild,root morphology, phosphorus uptake efficiency of maize

Wang Ruo Yan, Feng Rui, Long Wen Hen, Li Chang Liang, Li Ding Jin, Wang Rui Xue

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Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different combinations of enhancers added to diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer on the root morphology, phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency, and yield of corn in red soil. The treatments included no phosphorus application (CK), conventional DAP (T1), DAP added with fulvic acid + polyglutamic acid (T2), DAP added with fulvic acid + alginic acid (T3), DAP added with fulvic acid + rhamnolipid (T4), DAP added with polyglutamic acid + fructan (T5), and DAP added with polyglutamic acid + chitosan oligosaccharide (T6). The results showed that compared with T1, T3 and T6 significantly promoted root growth. At maturity, the root surface area, root length and root volume of T3 and T6 were increased by 33.2% to 66.8%, 31.9% to 87.1%, and 16.9% to 74.4% respectively compared with T1. The number of root tips, forks and intersections increased by 15.8% to 80.4%, 16.0% to 74.2%, and 20.2% to 97.1% respectively. T3 and T6 significantly promoted phosphorus accumulation in corn at the large trumpet stage and maturity. The phosphorus absorption efficiency and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate were increased by 35.6% to 53.1% and 134.4% to 360.8% respectively compared with T1 (P < 0.05). Structural equation model analysis indicated that the addition of enhancers could promote phosphorus absorption in roots and stems by increasing root volume and root surface area, and ultimately significantly increase yield. Therefore, the addition of fulvic acid and alginic acid or polyglutamic acid and chitosan oligosaccharide to DAP fertilizer can promote root development and phosphorus accumulation in corn, thereby achieving increased yield.
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Analysis of Natural Variation in the Maize ZmFAH1 Gene and Development of Low-Temperature Tolerance-Related Molecular Markers

HOU Kang-bo, GAO Yan-song, DI Hong, ZHANG Lin, WANG Zhen-hua, ZHOU Yu

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ZmFAH1, a cold tolerance gene during maize germination identified by previous GWAS and transcriptome sequencing, was studied using 116 inbred lines with different cold tolerance levels. Genetic variation analysis of its CDS region identified loci associated with cold tolerance, followed by molecular marker development and validation. ZmFAH1 is on the negative strand of maize chromosome 1, encoding a transmembrane alkaline protein with hydrophobicity, and its promoter harbors multiple abiotic stress-responsive elements. Fifteen SNPs and one InDel in the CDS region formed 9 haplotypes, with HAP2 as the elite one. A dCAPs marker DNCAPS708 was developed for the non-synonymous InDel708-710 (highest phenotypic contribution). It was significantly associated with four cold tolerance traits (RGI, RVI, RSVI, RGL) during germination, showing over 80% genotype-phenotype coincidence rate in inbred lines and double haploid populations.
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Analysis of yield and quality traits and pilot discrimination of fresh corn in Guizhou Province Based on GGE-biplot

CUI Rui, AN Lin, LI Qiong, CHENG Yi, LIU Dai-ling, ZOU Jun, YANG Xi-cui, SONG Bi

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in order to screen high-yield and high-quality fresh corn varieties, and provide theoretical basis and reference for its planting and promotion in the representative ecological areas of Guizhou, the yield, quality traits and pilot discrimination of fresh corn in Guizhou from 2023 to 2024 were analyzed by GGE-plot method. The results showed that Wannuo 2000, Zhongmiao Black Pearl, Zhentiannuo 368 and Huhongnuo 1 were excellent varieties with both high and stable yield, and Guoyuetian 1 had the best high yield and strong adaptability. Weining, Suiyang, Liuzhi and Chishui have high pilot discrimination and representativeness. Combined with the comprehensive analysis of yield quality trait function map, Guoyuetian 1, Zhongmiao Black Pearl, Zunnuo 222 and Wannuo 2000 were the varieties with excellent yield and quality performance, and the comprehensive performance was the best.
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Effects of straw returning for consecutive year on content of organic carbon in soil physical group and maize yield under the shallow buried drip irrigation

SHA Zhong-peng, GE Xuan-liang, YU Jing-hui, YANG Heng-shan, LIU Jing, GUO Jia-nan

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To explore the effects of straw returning for consecutive year on content of organic carbon in soil physical group and maize yield under the shallow buried drip irrigation in the Xiliaohe plain, the plots with maize straw fully returned to the field for three years (HT3), five years (HT5), seven years (HT7) and nine years (HT9) were selected to investigate the characteristics of different changes of soil physical grouping organic carbon content and maize yield using the plot without maize straw returning as control (CK). The results showed that the content of soil density organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and aggregate organic carbon in 0-30cm soil tillage layer improved with the increase of straw returning year; the content of soil density organic carbon and particulate organic carbon increased significantly in HT9 and HT7, with an average increase of 54.2% and 48.1% in soil density group organic carbon and 48.6% and 39.8% in particulate group organic carbon content compared to CK; the organic carbon content of soil aggregates was highest in the particle size range of 2-0.25mm, followed by>2mm and lowest in the particle size range of<0.053mm, and the organic carbon content of soil aggregates with different particle sizes showed that HT9 and HT7 were respectively significantly higher than that of CK, with an average increase of 47.5% and 37.8% compared to CK; the difference in yield between HT9 and HT7 was not significant, and both were significantly higher than HT5, HT3 and CK which increased by 16.9%, 14.8%, 7.70% and 6.86% compared to CK. Under the integration of water and fertilizer of shallow buried drip irrigation in Xiliaohe plain, maize continuous cropping and straw returning to the field for consecutive years effectively improved the content of soil physical organic carbon in tillage layer and maize yield, and the best effect was achieved by straw continuous returned to the field for 9 years.
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Effect of Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield, Nitrogen Use and Seed Vigor of Maize for Hybrid Seed Production in Hexi Corridor Irrigation Area in Gansu

ZHAO Jian-hua, SUN Jian-hao, LI Wei-qi, WU Ke-sheng, CHEN Liang-zhi, YANG Xin-qiang, HE Xu-gang, SUN Ning-ke, DU Jian

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It is popular for hybrid seed maize production to input more and more nitrogen fertilizer and low fertilizer use efficiency in Hexi irrigation area of Gansu, we studied the effect of nitrogen application rates on seed yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency to provide theoretical basis for rational nitrogen application for hybrid seed maize production in Hexi irrigation area of Gansu. China. A field experiment carried out at Zhangye Water-saving Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2023-2024, the experiment set up 5 nitrogen application rates, namely, 0、150、225、300、375 kg N·hm-2, noted as N0、N150、N225、N300 and N375, yield of seed, total nitrogen content of plant, germination potential, germination rate and electrical conductivity of F1 seed at maturity were investigated, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were calculated to evaluated the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and vigor of seed between treatments. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the seed yield increased first and then decreased, and the average maximum yield of the two years was obtained by N300 treatment, 7554.9 kg·hm-2; with the increase of nitrogen application rate, nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency decreased. The average nitrogen use efficiency of N150, N225, N300 and N375 was 34.4 %, 26.1 %, 25.9 % and 16.1 %, respectively. Nitrogen application increased the nitrogen concentration of grain and straw, and increased the nitrogen accumulation of grain and straw. The average over year，compared to N0, the grain nitrogen accumulation of N150、N225、N300 and N375 increased by 48.1%、47.1%、56.8% and 48.9%, respectively；the straw nitrogen accumulation increased by 42.4%、57.0%、82.1%和58.6%,respectively, the plant nitrogen accumulation of N300 was significantly higher than that of N0 and N150, nitrogen application rate did not affect the nitrogen harvest index. Nitrogen application did not affect F1 germination rate, the average value over two year was 94.9%. The seed germination potential of N150、N225、N300 was 85.1%、80.8% and 80.0%, respectively, and the seed electrical conductivity value of N300 was the lowest. Considering both seed yield and vigor, the optimum nitrogen application rate for seed maize seed production in our study was 300 kg·hm-2.
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Study on dynamic changes of leaf quality indices of different maize varieties

Zhangdongxue

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(Institute of Rural Revitalization Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150023): The experiment aims to investigate the dynamic changes of relevant indicators of maize leaves at different developmental stages, providing a reference for feed-related research. This study utilized nine maize varieties, including three types: sweet waxy maize, sweet maize, and waxy maize. The morphological indices, chlorophyll content, bioactive substances (flavonoids and total phenols), and antioxidant capacity of leaves were analyzed across four developmental stages (T1–T4). Results showed that morphological indices (leaf length, width, area, and weight) reached their maximum values at T3, with no significant differences observed among varieties or types. Total chlorophyll content gradually decreased with leaf development, whereas flavonoid and total phenol contents, along with antioxidant indices (DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, and ferrous reduction ability), peaked at T1 and declined thereafter. Correlation analysis
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Responses of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize with different tolerance to soil inferiority to soil fertility levels

LUO Zhi, HAN Xin-ao, Liao Meng-yi, LI Hong-hao, HUANG Kai-xuan, SONG Bi, LIU Dai-ling, CHENG Yi

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Aiming at addressing the issue that poor and thin soil in the karst mountainous areas of Southwest China restricts the improvement of maize yield per unit area, this study explored the responses of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize varieties with different poor-soil tolerance to soil fertility levels, so as to provide theoretical and technical support for the breeding of poor-soil tolerant maize varieties and high-yield and stress-resistant cultivation in karst mountainous areas. In this study, poor-soil tolerant maize variety Guizhuoyu 9 (GZY9) and poor-soil sensitive maize variety Jinguidan 3 (JGD3) were used as test materials, and field experiments were carried out in plots with two soil fertility levels, i.e., high soil fertility (HSF) and low soil fertility (LSF). The responses of leaf area index (LAI), relative chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, yield and yield components of maize varieties with different poor-soil tolerance to soil fertility levels were studied. The results showed that compared with the HSF condition, the leaf area index, relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate of leaves and photochemical quenching coefficient of the two maize varieties with different poor-soil tolerance under the LSF condition decreased significantly, but the decreasing amplitude of the poor-soil tolerant maize variety GZY9 was smaller than that of the poor-soil sensitive maize variety JGD3. Under the LSF condition, the LAI of GZY9 from the waxy stage to the maturity stage was significantly higher than that of JGD3; the SPAD value of GZY9 from the twelve-leaf stage to milk stage was 2.11%-19.14% higher than that of JGD3; the net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency and non-photochemical quenching coefficient of GZY9 were 33.93%, 5.14% and 9.8% higher than those of JGD3, respectively. Moreover, the chloroplasts in the leaves of GZY9 at the milk stage could still maintain a regular and intact shape, with a large number of grana and neat structures of grana lamellae and stroma lamellae. The poor-soil tolerant maize variety GZY9 was less sensitive to soil fertility, and could still maintain high and stable yield under the LSF condition. Under the LSF condition, the yield of GZY9 was 25.62% higher than that of JGD3, and its grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight increased by 10.96% and 10.50%, respectively. It can be seen that compared with the poor-soil sensitive maize variety, the poor-soil tolerant maize variety can significantly increase the leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content of leaves in the middle and late growth stages under the LSF condition, improve the development of chloroplasts, thereby delaying leaf senescence, enhancing the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, increasing the grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight, and ultimately achieving increased and stable maize yield.
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Rapid identification of gray leaf spot resistance in tropical maize using SSR markers

孟令聪[], 毛泓权, 孙志超, 李穆, 卢实, 郑淑波, 苏桂华, 苏义臣

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Using 100 elite tropical maize germplasms introduced from CIMMYT as materials, with Qi319 (resistant) and Ye478 (susceptible) as controls, field resistance phenotyping was conducted in severe gray leaf spot areas of Yunnan Province from 2024 to 2025. Polymorphic markers were screened from 28 candidate SSR markers located within known resistance QTL regions, and cluster analysis was performed on 51 germplasms with stable resistance. Field identification selected 1 highly resistant (CML172), 10 resistant, and 24 moderately resistant stable germplasms. Finally, 8 SSR markers (umc1194, umc1784, bnlg1523, M13, umc2354, umc1515, umc2560, umc1042) were screened from the candidates to form a core marker set, among which M13, umc2560, and umc1515 were highly polymorphic. Cluster analysis based on this marker set divided the 53 materials into 5 groups, effectively separating resistant germplasms (CML172, Qi319) from susceptible ones. Consistency analysis showed a high agreement between SSR marker clustering and phenotypic resistance classification (Kappa = 0.77, P < 0.0001). This core marker set can rapidly and accurately identify the resistance of tropical maize germplasms to gray leaf spot.
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Progress in Variety Constraints and Specialized Variety Selection and Approval for Mechanized Harvesting of Maize Kernels

Zhang Hui-fang, Liu Gui-zhen, Qin Na, Zhang Dao-ming, Zhang Xiang-fen, Zhang Liu-sheng, Feng Xiao, Wang Ying, Wang Jing, Yan Zhao-ling, Duan Jun-zhi, Chen Hai-yan, Qi Hong-zhi, Wang Nan, Yang Cui-ping

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Grain harvesting is the key and bottleneck to achieving full mechanization of maize production. The breakthrough lies in the breeding and promotion of suitable specialized varieties. This article first analyzed the current status and development level of mechanized harvesting methods for maize in China, and examined the current pattern and causes of mechanical harvesting levels in different production areas. Then, key trait factors that constrained the quality and efficiency of mechanical harvesting of seeds were identified from the variety dimension. Furthermore, a systematic review of the breeding strategies and approval status of specialized maize varieties for grain harvesting was conducted, and the core problems in the current variety breeding approval were identified. Based on this, targeted solutions and future prospects were proposed to provide reference for accelerating the development and promotion of specialized maize varieties for mechanical grain harvesting, and to build a solid foundation for the full mechanization of maize production.
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Molecular Characterization and Marker Development of the Low-Temperature-Tolerant Related Gene ZmICE6 in Maize

XU Ying-ying, BAO Di, DI Hong, ZHANG Lin, WANGZhen-hua, ZHOU Yu

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ZmICE6, a cold tolerance gene during maize germination previously identified via QTL analysis by our research group, was subjected to bioinformatics analysis. The gene contains a conserved bHLH domain, and its promoter region harbors multiple regulatory elements associated with abiotic stress. Phylogenetic analysis of 71 maize bHLH members resolved eight sub-clades, with ZmICE6 forming a maximally supported clade alongside the known cold-tolerance regulator ZmICE1; both share conserved motifs 1, 2 and 5. To link sequence variation to phenotype, the complete CDS was amplified from 123 inbreds that span the full spectrum of germination-stage cold vigor. Twelve SNPs and two InDels were recovered, including four non-synonymous changes. Non-synonymous SNP380 showed genome-wide significant associations (P< 0.01) with five germination traits—most prominently relative root length—and explained 7.47-12.62 % of phenotypic variance. A dCAPS marker (DNCAP380) designed to track the SNP380 allele achieved 76.92% and 81.43% genotype–phenotype concordance in the original diversity panel and in a 102-line Ye478×Qi319 RIL population, respectively. DNCAP380 provides breeders with a codominant, cost-effective tool for marker-assisted fixation of cold-resilient ZmICE6 haplotypes.
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The Creation and Application of High Combining Ability Maize Inbred Line WZ0714 and Its Derivative Lines

向振凡, 霍川, 羊炼, 张颖韬, 冯云超, 黄美瑕, 晏庆九

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To create high combiniing ability maize inbred lines, used XZ966-14×A801 as the base material, after local and Hainan southern and northern breeding, and using basic plant, S3, S5 three times of combining ability progressive test cross, the high combination ability inbred line WZ0714 and its derivative lines WZ1422, WZ1423,Z14212, WZ17363, and WZ17367 were created. Twenty-three hybrids have been developed using these lines as parents and have passed the variety trial. Among them, WZ0714 was cultivated 11 hybrids, which yielded 8083.5 to 9727.5 kg/hm2 in regional trials, 6.3% to 12.6% higher than the control, and the increase was extremely significant; WZ14212 was breeded 7 hybrids, their yield had reached 8481.0～9609.0 kg/hm2 in regional trials, 7.7%～10.6% higher than the control, the increase was extremely
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Trait Comparison and Evolution of Approved Maize Varieties in Northern vs. Southern Xinjiang (2000–2024)

wangjing

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【Objective】This study aims to compare and analyze the main traits of approved maize varieties in northern and southern Xinjiang over the past 25 years, with the goal of further improving maize yield in both regions and providing references for maize breeding. 【Methods】Data from 312 approved conventional maize varieties in northern and southern Xinjiang from 2000 to 2024 were collected and analyzed for the coefficient of variation, trait correlations, distribution patterns, and evolutionary trends of different traits. 【Results】The number of approved varieties, trait correlations, distribution frequencies, and evolutionary trends differed between northern and southern Xinjiang. In southern Xinjiang, all major traits showed a significant positive correlation with yield but a negative correlation with planting density. Each trait exhibited an increasing trend over time, indicating that breeding efforts in southern Xinjiang focus more on maximizing individual growth potential. In northern Xinjiang, planting density showed a highly significant positive correlation with yield but a negative correlation with other traits. Only yield and planting density increased over the years, suggesting that approved varieties in northern Xinjiang prioritize exploiting the advantages of population density. 【Conclusion】Southern Xinjiang should increase investment in variety breeding, potentially extending the growth period to improve yield per unit area, while exploring rational dense planting to boost production. In northern Xinjiang, breeding efforts should integrate high-efficiency cultivation techniques for dense planting and high yield to further enhance productivity.
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Combining Ability Analysis of Major Agronomic Traits in 24 Maize Inbred Lines and Classification of Heterotic Groups

wangliwei, Wangjianghao, Gaozengyu, Zhangquanguo, Anhongzhou, Songliang, Lixinghua, Yanyuanyuan, Weijianfeng, Guorui, Songwei

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To clarify the combining ability characteristics and heterosis utilization patterns of newly selected maize inbred lines, 24 novel inbred lines were crossed with 5 testers from four heterotic groups (NSS, SS, HuangZaoSi improved lines, and improved Reid) using the NC-II genetic mating design, generating 120 hybrid combinations. Field trials were conducted in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, and Xinxiang, Henan Province. General combining ability (GCA) analysis identified Ji603, DH116, B132, JiH158, SW3-2, and Ji22S274 as elite inbred lines with high breeding potential. Notably. Specific combining ability (SCA) analysis screened eight elite hybrids, including PH6WC×JiH522, PH4CV×JiH453, PH4CV×JiH524, Chang7-2×Ji603, Zheng58×JiPBA, PH6WC×JiH453, Chang7-2×D7, and PH6WC×JiH521. Total combining ability (TCA) analysis further selected three outstanding hybrids (Ji22S274×DH116, Ji5041×DH116, and B132×Ji1877). Cluster analysis based on grain yield SCA effects categorized the 24 inbred lines into six subgroups within two heterotic groups. This study clarifies the heterotic group classification of the novel inbred lines and provides a theoretical foundation for guiding germplasm improvement and new hybrid breeding.
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AgClould Breeder’s Studio: A One-stop Maize Digital Breeding Platform

CHENG Qian, JIANG Shu-qin, REN Zhao-bin, LAI Jin-sheng, WANG Xiang-feng

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“AgCloud Breeder’s Studio” is a comprehensive one-stop platform for maize breeding data analysis, designed to support critical breeding decisions (https://studio.aigeyun.cn). Featuring a modular architecture, the platform integrates dedicated modules for genotypic, phenotypic, and regional trial data, and facilitates automated generation of standardized reports. The genotypic module supports data format conversion, missing value imputation, population structure analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. The phenotypic module enables data cleaning, standardization, variance analysis, and estimation of genetic parameters. Meanwhile, the regional trial module allows for single-year multi-location and multi-year trial analyses, complemented by intuitive visualization tools and in-depth interpretation. With its user-friendly interface, the platform streamlines breeding workflows, enhances analytical efficiency, and delivers scientifically robust and interpretable varietal evaluation results—making it a reliable decision-support tool for modern, digitized maize breeding.
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Research on Maize Suitable Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Under Shallow Buried Grip Irrigation in the Tumote Plain Irrigation Area

MA Wen-ting, JIA Nan, MA Da-ling, Yang Zhen-wei

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Maize drip irrigation under mulch was generally adopted in the Tumote Plain irrigation area, while the shallow-buried drip irrigation technology was still not mature. To explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on maize agronomic traits and grain yield, this study set up different dressing frequency treatments (3 topdressing, 5 topdressing, and 7 topdressing) under different nitrogen fertilizer levels (240, 300, and 360 kg/hm2). The results show that the maize plant height, ear height and leaf area index (LAI) increased significantly with nitrogen fertilizer rates increased. Under the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 240 kg/hm2, the plant height, ear height and LAI decreased significantly with the number of topdressing applications increased. Under the nitrogen fertilizer application rates of 300 kg/hm2 and 360 kg/hm2, there were no significant differences in plant height at silking stage, but ear height of 7 topdressing was higher than that of 3 topdressing. Under the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 240 kg/hm2, dry matter of 3 topdressing increased by 4.57%-22.47% compared with 7 topdressing. Under the nitrogen rate of 300 kg/hm2, dry matter of 3 topdressing decreased by 6.65% and 25.84% respectively compared with 7 topdressing at the milk-mature stage in two years. The trend of dry matter between the application times at 360 kg/hm2 was similar to that at 300 kg/hm2. The 7 top-dressing maize yields of 300 kg/hm2 were 15.07 t/hm2 and 15.21 t/hm2 respectively, were not significantly different from those of 360 kg/hm2, but increased significantly by 4.5% and 14.97% compared with7 top-dressing of 240 kg/hm2 in 2022 and 2023. It was recommended that 300 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer application during the growth period, divided into 7 applications, can save fertilizer while ensuring high yields in shallow-buried drip irrigation in Tumote plain.
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Efficient Development of New Maize Germplasm Resistant to Southern Rust via Molecular Marker-Assisted Backcrossing

JIN Rui, SUN Min, MO Jia-ju, ZHU Quan-gui, CHEN Jiao, YU Xin-yan

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Maize is one of the world"s major food crops, and its safe production is crucial for ensuring food security. Southern corn rust has expanded its range in recent years from China"s Huang-Huai-Hai region to the Northeast region, severely impacting maize production. Currently, there is a scarcity ofgermplasm resources resistant to Southern corn rust, and the rapid variation rate of the pathogen easily leads to the loss of resistance. Therefore, highly resistant germplasm is needed for both maize production and breeding. To broaden the germplasm resources for resistance to Southern corn rust, this study utilized the susceptible parent of the variety Tieyan 378 crossed with highly resistant sources Jing 2416K and CML496 to construct backcross populations. Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) combined with multi-environment resistance evaluation was employed to directionally improve the disease resistance of the Tieyan 378 parent. The results showed that the accuracy rate of molecular marker screening was 91.53%, and the average genetic background recovery rate in the BC?F? generation reached 96%, significantly shortening the breeding cycle. Field natural infection evaluations revealed that the improved progenies predominantly exhibited moderate resistance levels, representing a significant improvement compared to the susceptible parent (rated as level 7). This study successfully developed new germplasm resistant to Southern corn rust, providing technical support and a theoretical basis for maize disease resistance breeding.
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The Effect of Straw Cover on the Growth and Development, Water Use and Yield of Maize in Semi-humid Regions

ZhangLizi

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To investigate the effects of straw mulching on the development, water use, and yield of maize in semi-humid regions, as well as its underlying mechanisms, this study employed two straw management treatments: straw removal and straw mulching. The varieties Fumin 985 and Xiangyu 218 were selected as experimental materials, with a total of four treatments set up. Changes in corn growth and development, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, water use, soil temperature, and yield were analysed under different treatments. The results showed that in the semi-humid region under rain-fed conditions with moderate natural precipitation (2023), compared with the straw removal treatment, the straw mulching treatment enhanced corn leaf photosynthetic capacity, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, enzyme activity related to leaf carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and root exudation intensity, thereby increasing corn yield and water use efficiency. However, in years with abundant natural precipitation (2024), the straw mulching treatment exhibited the opposite trend compared to years with moderate natural precipitation.
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Screening of Fomesafen-Atrazine Co-degrading Strain and Its Preliminary Application in Remediating Herbicide Phytotoxicity in Maize

Lv Hongrui

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To address the challenge of multiple herbicide co-contamination in farmland soil, a strain LC-5 with the ability to degrade fomesafen was screened from the atrazine-degrading bacteria preserved in the laboratory. The degradation rate of fomesafen at a concentration of 100 mg/L by strain LC-5 reached 62.77% within 48 hours. Through physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Arthrobacter. Strain LC-5 not only demonstrated high degradation performance but also possessed the abilities of phosphorus solubilization, potassium release, nitrogen fixation, and IAA production. Moreover, it could tolerate an alkaline environment with pH 9 and salt stress of 5% NaCl. Pot experiments showed that the application of LC-5 bacterial liquid could effectively alleviate the phytotoxic symptoms of fomesafen residues in soil on corn. The chlorophyll content in corn leaves, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the stress resistance of plants were significantly enhanced, while the accumulation of malondialdehyde was reduced. In addition, soil enzyme activity was also activated. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that no fomesafen residues were detected in the soil after treatment with LC-5 bacterial liquid. Overall, strain LC-5 shows promising application prospects.
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Decomposition and Nutrient Release Kinetics of Maize Straw under Different Returning Methods in the Black Soil Region

wang jingbo

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Abstract: This study investigated the decomposition dynamics of maize straw and its cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin components under different straw return methods in the black soil region of Northeast China. The release patterns of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients from the straw were also analyzed. A nylon mesh bag method was used to simulate the decomposition of maize straw under different returning methods and straw lengths in black soil region of Gongzhuling city, Jilin Province. The main factor of this experiment was the straw returning method (buried depth), which included mulching (FG, 0 cm), deep plowing (SF, 30 cm), and rotary tillage (XG, 0-15 cm), while the secondary factor was straw length, with three levels: 5-10 cm (S), 15-20 cm (M), and 25-30 cm (L). A total of 9 treatments were established. After 693 days of experimentation, the cumulative decomposition rates of maize straw under mulching, deep plowing, and rotary tillage treatments averaged 69.2%, 87.2%, and 84.6%, respectively. The period from 0 to 369 days was characterized as a rapid decomposition phase (54.7%–68.2% decomposition), while the period from 369 to 693 days was a slow decomposition phase (14.5%–20.5% decomposition). The two-pool exponential model effectively simulated the changes in straw decomposition rates over time for all treatments The decomposition rate constants for the mulching, deep plowing, and rotary tillage treatments were 0.31%, 0.38%, and 0.39%, respectively. By day 693, the decomposition rates of various fibrous components under deep plowing and rotary tillage treatments were similar and significantly higher than those under mulching treatment. Specifically, the lignin decomposition rate was 26.4–27.4 percentage points higher than that under mulching. No clear pattern was observed in the decomposition rates of fibrous components across different straw sizes. By day 693, the decomposition rates of all three fibrous components decreased with increasing straw size, with no significant differences between the S and M treatments. The cumulative release rates of total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients under different straw return methods followed the order: deep plowing > rotary tillage > mulching. The exponential decay equation adequately described the changes in the residual amounts of these nutrients over time. Over the two-year decomposition process, the straw decomposition rates, decomposition rate constants, and decomposition rates of the three fibrous components were significantly higher under deep plowing and rotary tillage treatments compared to mulching treatment. When the straw size exceeded 25 cm, the decomposition rates of straw and its fibrous components significantly decreased. Compared to straw mulching, deep plowing and rotary tillage facilitated greater release and supply of straw nutrients. The two-pool exponential model and exponential decay equation effectively simulated the decomposition of maize straw and nutrient decay under different straw return methods.
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Identification of Salt-Alkali Tolerance in 52 Maize Inbred Lines Using Germination Tests

Li Bin, Hou Xinwei, Li Wenlan, Wu Chenglai, Yue Runqing, Wang Ye, Shi Guiyang, Ding Zhaohua, Sun Aiqing

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To screen maize inbred lines tolerant to saline-alkali soil for cultivation, this study evaluated 52 maize inbred lines developed by the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Seed germination tests were conducted under saline-alkali stress (150 mmol/L NaCl + 30 mmol/L Na?CO?). Nine agronomic traits were assessed: germination rate, shoot length, root length, number of lateral roots, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, and moisture content. Comprehensive screening for salt-alkali tolerance was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. PCA reduced the nine traits into five principal components, collectively explaining 92.343% of the total variance in the original data. Cluster analysis classified the 52 germplasms into five distinct salt-alkali tolerance types: highly tolerant (HT), moderately tolerant (MT), tolerant (T), sensitive (S), and highly sensitive (HS).By integrating PCA and cluster analysis results, the following materials were identified: Highly Tolerant (HT): lXP1342a, DPJ537a, QX52322, QD5123, QX51513h, QD517236 (6 accessions);Moderately Tolerant (MT): CILCD7975, QPQ705b, et al. (12 accessions);Tolerant (T): QX52352, QX51513b, et al. (16 accessions);Sensitive (S): QDP553b, QX51513a, et al. (12 accessions);Highly Sensitive (HS): QX51513d, QX51513c, et al. (6 accessions).The screening and evaluation of these materials with varying salt-alkali tolerance provide a valuable reference for breeding saline-alkali tolerant maize varieties.
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Research Progress, Technical Modes and Development Suggestions of Corn Straw Returning Technology in Jilin Province

SUN Hui, ZHAO Hongxiang, SUI Changhai, XU Chen, TAN Guobo, LI Xiangqun

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Aiming at the problem of resource utilization of corn straw in Jilin Province, this paper systematically analyzes the dynamics of straw decomposition, the mechanism of soil organic carbon sequestration, the stability of micro-aggregates, and the succession law of microbial communities in the cold black soil region. It also summarizes the effects of straw returning on corn root development, nutrient absorption, and yield components, and analyzes the practicality of technical modes for corn straw in Jilin Province, including straw row - oriented mulching and strip tillage, straw deep ploughing returning, and straw crushing and mixing returning. In addition, the existing problems of straw returning in Jilin Province are put forward. It is suggested to strengthen the construction of a straw returning technology system featuring the coordination of "agricultural machinery - agronomy - ecology", improve the subsidy policy for straw returning, encourage land transfer, expand the scale of operation, and comprehensively promote mechanization, so as to promote the sustainable utilization of black soil in Jilin Province.
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Analysis of the improvement effect of maize inbred lines based on different cycles of breeding of KB182 and Chang7-2

杨玉莹, 郭欣阳, 章爽, 李婷, 王孟玮, 张兴华, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全

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Increasing planting density is one of the key measures to increase maize yield, and germplasm improvement is the basis for cultivating excellent density-tolerant germplasm. In the early stage, the research group used the maize inbred line KB182 selected by Shaan B group and the domestic backbone inbred line Chang7-2 as the basic material, and cultivated six new inbred lines such as KB204 and KB588 through different rounds of improvement for many years. In order to explore the improvement effect of different rounds, this study used KB182, Chang7-2 and their different rounds of improved lines as materials, and evaluated the density tolerance and yield of different rounds of improved lines through different densities ( 60,000,90,000 and 120,000 plants/hm2). Combined with Maize 6H60K SNP molecular markers, the genetic background of the improved inbred lines was analyzed.The results showed that the yield of improved inbred lines was higher than that of KB182 and Chang7-2, and the yield of inbred lines increased gradually with the increase of density. The density tolerance coefficient of the improved line was also higher than that of the two basic materials. The main density tolerance traits such as ear leaf angle, stem strength, ear position coefficient, and ASI ( silking interval ) were better than KB182 and Chang 7-2. Based on the 6H60K SNP genotype data, it was found that with the improvement of different rounds, the genetic background of KB182 retained by each inbred line gradually increased, and the genetic background of Chang7-2 gradually decreased and remained at a certain level. At the same time, there were 9,139 homozygous SNP loci with the same genotype in different rounds of inbred lines, accounting for 25.13% of the effective markers. In summary, the different rounds of maize inbred lines improved based on KB182 and Chang7-2 retained the density tolerance characteristics of the basic materials and were effectively improved in yield.
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Effects of different straw returning methods on growth and development of maize in semi-arid area

Liu Haoran

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Straw returning is an important way of effective utilization of straw resources, which is conducive to improving farmland soil environment, increasing soil nutrient content, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, promoting crop yield, and is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to explore the suitable corn straw returning mode in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province, the research was carried out based on the conservation tillage research base of Baicheng City, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2020 to 2021. Four treatments were set up to explore the effects of different straw returning methods on the growth and yield of corn. The results showed that from seedling stage to jointing stage, the growth of maize in all straw returning treatments was slower than that in straw leaving treatment, while from big bell stage to mature stage, the growth of maize in straw returning treatment was faster than that in straw leaving treatment. Compared with the straw leaving field, the plant height, stem diameter and dry matter of straw deep tillage returning to the field increased significantly by 5.6 % and 10.1 % from the large bell stage to the tasseling and silking stage. Compared with the straw leaving field planting method, the yield increase effect of different returning methods was significantly different. Among them, the straw buried returning treatment had the best yield increase effect, with a yield increase of 7.7 %, while the yield increase of straw mulching and powder rake returning treatment was not obvious, with a yield increase of 2.0 % and 3.9 %, respectively. In summary, it is recommended to promote the application of corn straw returning to the field in the semi-arid area of Jilin Province, which can increase the yield of corn under the condition of straw returning to the field.
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Effects of different straw returning methods on soil physical and chemical properties of light chernozem

Zhang Lei

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Straw returning is an important measure to improve soil fertility and ensure the sustainable utilization of black soil resources. In order to explore the maize straw returning mode suitable for light chernozem soil in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province, the research was carried out based on the conservation tillage research base of Baicheng City, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2020 to 2021. The light chernozem was taken as the research object, and four treatments were set up, including straw leaving field, straw mulching returning field, straw crushing and mixing returning field and straw deep tillage returning field, to explore the effects of different straw returning methods on soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield. The results showed that compared with the straw leaving field, the soil bulk density of the plough layer was reduced by 1.5 % -4.3 % and 0.7 % -4.6 %, respectively. The water retention effect of mulching was significant, and the soil moisture content increased by 5.7 % -13.3 %.Compared with the straw leaving field, the soil organic matter content of the three straw returning methods was significantly increased in the straw returning soil layer. The mulching returning increased by 10.9 % in the 0-10 cm soil layer, the broken mixing returning increased by 10.5 % in the 10-20 cm soil layer, and the deep tillage returning increased by 7.8 % in the 20-30 cm soil layer. Straw returning improved soil available nutrient content, among which straw deep tillage returning had the best improvement effect, with an average increase of 9.1 % in soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, 12.5 % in available phosphorus and 8.3 % in available potassium. In general, straw deep tillage and returning to the field in the semi-arid area of western Jilin Province is more conducive to improving the physical and chemical properties of light chernozem soil and improving soil fertility.
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Effects of Increased Plant Density on Maize Leaf Physiology and Grain Yield under Straw Return Conditions

linqingqiao, qianlili, lvjing, jiaofeng

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To further enhance maize yield in black soil regions under high-density planting conditions, this study investigated the effects of straw return methods and planting density on leaf physiology and grain yield through field experiments. Two factors were examined: (1) straw return methods—straw removal (H1), straw biochar return (H2), rotary tillage with straw incorporation (H3), and straw crushing with deep plowing (H4); and (2) planting densities—60,000 plants·ha-1 (D1, conventional density), 82,500 plants·ha-1 (D2, moderate high density), and 105,000 plants·ha-1 (D3, high density). The results demonstrated that straw return significantly improved leaf area index (LAI), SPAD value, stomatal conductance (Gs), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) while reducing intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) under high-density planting. Additionally, straw return markedly enhanced cellular antioxidant capacity and osmotic regulation in maize leaves, leading to significant increases in kernel number per ear, 1000-kernel weight, and yield. Compared with the D1H1 treatment, the D2H2 treatment increased kernel number per ear, 1000-kernel weight, and yield by 11.00%, 12.14%, and 19.81%, respectively, with H2 exhibiting the most pronounced effect. Structural equation modeling revealed that straw return maintained higher photosynthetic activity under high-density planting by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and osmotic regulation, thereby delaying leaf senescence and ultimately increasing yield.
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Germplasm characterization and potential assessment of seven Yunnan maize varieties

WANG Yuan, WANG Yu-rou, WANG Yuan-qi, ZHOU Feng, LIU Zhi-jun, YUAN Xi, LƯƠNG HÙNG TIẾN, LIU Tao, WANG Qiang-feng, AN Tong-xin, XU Xiao-yu

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Maize is a crucial crop for ensuring regional and national food security. Yunnan Province, located in the southwestern frontier of China, has maize cultivation covering over half of the local arid agricultural area. To assist addressing the current challenges in Yunnan maize industry, which is highlighted by the insufficient resource utilization and innovation, a comparison of germplasm characteristics was conducted on seven distinctive Yunnan maize varieties. This study aims to provide scientific support to facilitate the sustainable development and potential exploration of maize in Yunnan and even across China. Seven distinctive Yunnan maize varieties, including Xuanhong18, Zhenhe68, Yunrui408, Xuanbaimei1, Jingeng28, Jingengzao7 and Jingengzao8, have been selected as research materials. Key agronomic traits at the mature field growth stage were compared. Genetic diversity was thereafter evaluated using 10 pairs of SSR primers. Concurrently, the main grain quality components were analyzed. Finally, Zhenhe68 and Jingengzao8, identified as representative differential materials due to their distinct positions in genetic clustering analysis and exhibited the greatest overall differences in agronomic traits and quality performance relative to other experimental materials, were chosen for the comparative metabolomic analysis. The results revealed the seven tested Yunnan maize varieties showed significant differences in agronomic traits. Zhenhe68 and Yunrui408 performed well in traits like stem diameter and 100-kernel weight, demonstrating favorable plant architecture and high-yield improvement potential. SSR molecular markers classified the seven varieties into 2 major groups and 4 subgroups, with genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.21 to 0.91. Grain contents varied considerably among varieties in starch, total soluble sugar, protein, lipids, and fatty acid composition, indicating certain variety-specific features in the quality performance. Comparative metabolomic analysis identified a total of 1,732 metabolites, of which 168 were differentially accumulated metabolites. Generally, the synthesis, flow, distribution, and accumulation of metabolites were significantly influenced by differences in the primary metabolic systems. However, Jingengzao8 showed a preferable capacity to accumulate stress-resistant secondary metabolites compared to Zhenhe68. In conclusion, the seven tested Yunnan maize varieties not only demonstrate substantial genetic structural differences and contain rich genetic variation, but also possess distinct characteristics in agronomic traits and quality phenotypes. Zhenhe68 and Jingengzao8, as representative differential materials, revealed more diverse development potential through the metabolomic analysis. This research may provide new insights for exploring the potential of maize resources, meanwhile enabling the sustainable germplasm innovation and development in Yunnan and nationwide.
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Exploration of Genomic Selection Models Based onDeep Netural Network in Maize Southern Leaf Blight

sunjiahao, wangzhe, zhangdongfeng, panshouhui, yangqin, liuzhongqiang, zhangqiusi, zhaoxiangyu, wangkaiyi

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Southern corn leaf blight (SLB) is a globally distributed foliar disease that poses a severe threat to maize production, particularly in major summer maize-growing regions, that further leads to significant yield losses. Traditional methods for assessing disease resistance, such as artificial inoculation or field disease nurseries, are both costly as well as time-consuming. Genomic selection (GS), which uses genome-wide molecular markers, offers a more efficient way to predict SLB resistance on a large scale. In this study, we developed a deep neural network (DNN) model for genomic prediction of maize SLB resistance and compared its performance with eight widely used methods: BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, RR-BLUP, random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), LightGBM, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The result demonstrated that DNN consistently outperformed other models, and a five-layer network achieved the highest accuracy and stability. Further experiments using gradient SNP marker sampling demonstrated that prediction accuracy plateaued once the number of genome-wide markers exceeded 6,000, with minimal improvement beyond this point.Overall, DNN models provide a reliable and efficient tool for evaluating SLB resistance, supporting the breeding of new resistant maize varieties.
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Identification of the ZmPOD Gene Family and Expression Analysis Under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

魏萱承, 刘相国

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Peroxidase (POD), as a crucial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme in plants, plays a vital role in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It catalyzes various redox reactions using hydrogen peroxide (H?O?) as an electron acceptor, decomposing H?O? into water, which is non-toxic to cells. This study systematically identified 129 members of the maize (Zea mays) POD gene family (ZmPOD) and analyzed their conserved motifs and protein physicochemical properties. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the 129 maize ZmPOD genes were classified into four distinct groups. Chromosomal localization, collinearity analysis, and expression analysis using public data revealed that family members exhibit clear functional division and tissue specificity, while also possessing a certain degree of functional redundancy. Under ultraviolet (UV) radiation and gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) stress, the expression levels ofZmPOD8,ZmPOD14,ZmPOD16, andZmPOD87genes were significantly upregulated.
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Screening of miRNAs in maize responding to southern rust caused by P. polysora and elucidation of the zma-miR160e-Zmchn1 regulatory model

ZHOU Bo, CHENG Ze-qiang, ZHANG Xing-rui, HAN Xiao-hua, LIU Xue-man, ZHANG Xuan, WU Xiao-lin, ZHANG Jing-hua, DUAN Can-xing, CAO Yan-yong

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Abstract:

Southern rust of maize, caused by Puccinia polysora Underw., poses a significant threat to maize production. However, the mechanism of miRNA regulation in resistance remains unclear. Using maize inbred line Qi319 as material, this study established P. polysora-inoculated (Pp) and mock-inoculated (MK) groups. We measured the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves at 0, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation. Multomics analysis integrating transcriptome, miRNA, and degradome sequencing was conducted to elucidate the miRNA regulatory mechanism underlying maize resistance to southern rust. Results showed that at 24 h post-inoculation, enzyme activities in the Pp group were significantly higher than in the MK group and exhibited an upward trend over time. Transcriptome analysis identified 3,274 significantly down-regulated and 743 significantly up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with enriched expression in classic disease resistance pathways such as plant-pathogen interactions and plant hormone signaling. miRNA sequencing screened 48 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), with 9 key DEMs identified after filtering (including down-regulated zma-miR160e). Multi-omics analysis, degradome cleavage site validation, and qPCR quantification confirmed that zma-miR160e negatively regulates its target gene Zm00001eb157820 (the chitinase gene, Zmchn1). Functional annotation of Zmchn1 indicates its involvement in pathways including chitin degradation and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In summary, this study reveals a core regulatory mechanism in maize responding to P. polysora infection: down-regulation of zma-miR160e releases post-transcriptional suppression of Zmchn1, thereby enhancing chitinase activity and cell wall precursor supply, ultimately improving resistance to southern rust. This study provides a key candidate gene (Zmchn1) and regulatory target (zma-miR160e) for molecular breeding of disease resistance in maize.
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The occurrence dynamics of Spodoptera frugiperda on maize and field experiment on differential damage caused by Spodoptera frugiperda to different varieties of corn types

chenhongfan

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In order to clarify the differences in damage rate caused by Spodoptera frugiperda to different varieties of corn types, this study investigated the occurrence dynamics of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae in 10 corn varieties of sweet corn, waxy corn, and common corn, and monitored the occurrence dynamics of adults with sex attractants. At the same time, the field damage caused by Spodoptera frugiperda larvae to different varieties of corn types was also investigated. The experimental results indicate that the peak period of occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae in grasslands is mid September. The peak period of adult occurrence is from late August to early September. During the peak period of the occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, sweet corn had the highest number of insects per 100 plants, at 14.2 heads per 100 plants, followed by waxy corn at 12.5 heads per 100 plants, and common corn had the lowest number, at 8.2 heads per 100 plants. The damage rates of sweet corn, waxy corn, and common corn during the corn seedling stage were 8.9%, 11.6%, and 10.0%, respectively. The damage rates during the trumpet stage were 9.1%, 14.1%, and 11.5%, respectively. The damage rates during the milk stage were 4.1%, 5.6%, and 3.3%, respectively. Waxy corn types were relatively more affected,. During the milk ripening stage, the relationship between the damage rate y (%) of corn and the number of 100 plant insects (x) is y=0.0093x-0.00044 (R 2=0.964, P<0.0001). By conducting a nested analysis of variance on the differences in damage rates of different types and varieties of corn, the proportion of variation caused by variety factors reached over 79.87%, while the proportion of type variation was less than 6.58%. This indicates that the differences in the degree of damage caused by fall armyworm to corn are mainly due to differences between varieties, and have little relationship with corn types This experiment provides a certain field experimental basis for the breeding of corn varieties resistant to Spodoptera frugiperda.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the FtsH Gene Family in Maize (Zea mays L.)

FENG Rui-yun, Song Yu-peng, Mei Chao, Feng Zhi-wei

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FtsH (Filamentation Temperature-Sensitive H) is an ATP and Zn2+-dependent metalloprotease, representing a multigene family in eukaryotes. This study identified eight FtsH gene family members within the maize genome, located on six chromosomes, and features one pair of segmentally duplicated genes (ZmFtsH-2 and ZmFtsH-3) exhibiting a Ka/Ks ratio less than 1. FtsH proteins exhibit significant variations in amino acid length, molecular weight, isoelectric point (pI), hydrophobicity, and instability index. ZmFtsH family members are classified into three subfamilies, showing considerable variation in gene structure among members; all contain conserved motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10. ZmFtsH secondary structures are predominantly composed of α-helices and random coils, while tertiary structure predictions reveal pronounced structural similarity among members within the same subfamily. Promoters of all ZmFtsH genes contain a high abundance of light-responsive, hormone-responsive, and stress-responsive cis-acting elements. Heatmap analysis revealed high expression of ZmFtsH-7 in all tissues except pollen, whereas ZmFtsH-5 and ZmFtsH-8 were predominantly expressed only in leaves. Synteny analysis demonstrated a closer evolutionary relationship between maize ZmFtsH genes and those in wheat compared to rice. This study lays a theoretical groundwork for further elucidating the functions of the maize FtsH gene family in stress responses.
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The candidate genes related to low temperature tolerance in maize germination stage were discovered based on transcriptomics

TANG Xin-guang, XU Qing-yu, SONG Yi-ying, DI Hong, ZHANG Lin, ZHOU Yu, WANG Zhen-hua

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Low-temperature stress was imposed on germinating seeds of the cold-tolerant maize inbred Ye3189 and the cold-sensitive inbred Ji846, followed by high-throughput RNA sequencing. After integration with publicly available B73 and Mo17 transcriptomes, Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses identified MAPK cascades and ethylene signal transduction as the primary pathways that underlie maize germination tolerance to cold. Eight differentially expressed genes (DEGs) significantly associated with cold tolerance were subsequently pinpointed within these pathways. Time-course expression profiling under chilling stress revealed the transcription factor ZmWRKY131 as the most robust candidate. These results establish a molecular framework for breeding cold-resilient maize.
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The Impact of Technological Innovation on Corn Yield: A Spatial Analysis

JiaFei, 贾

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While technological innovation in corn is crucial for increasing yields and ensuring food security, its spatial mismatch with major production areas constrains the effectiveness of the "storing grain in technology" strategy. Using provincial panel data from 2012 to 2022, this study employs Spatial Durbin and fixed-effects models to investigate this issue. We find that China"s corn technological innovation exhibits a "high in the east, low in the west" clustering pattern, driven primarily by socioeconomic conditions rather than agricultural endowments, which leads to a spatial separation of innovation hubs from major grain-producing provinces. The research reveals two parallel paths for yield growth: first, technological innovation benefits neighboring regions through significant spatial spillover effects; second, indigenous innovation more directly promotes local yields. This latter effect is enhanced by factors such as innovation quality and financial support but shows diminishing marginal returns in the economically developed regions that serve as innovation hubs. This study provides empirical support for understanding the dual mechanisms of technology-driven yield growth under spatial mismatch and for optimizing the allocation of innovation resources to safeguard food security.
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A Lightweight Detection Method for Corn Leaf Diseases Based on Improved RT-DETR

xiaochunlin

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Aiming at the diversity of corn leaf disease manifestations, which are affected by scene interferences such as light, occlusion, and fracture, resulting in missed detections and false detections. Meanwhile, considering the requirement for lightweight deployment of models in agricultural production detection equipment, this study proposes a lightweight corn leaf disease recognition method based on RT - DETR. The implementation process is as follows: First, a new backbone network, FasterRepNCSPNet, is designed. This network improves the representation accuracy of multi - scale diseases by optimizing the feature extraction structure, reduces the computational cost, and enhances the model's robustness, thereby reducing the risk of misjudgment and missed detection. Second, the RepC3 module for cross - scale feature fusion is replaced with the RepNCSPELAN4 - FB module to strengthen the multi - resolution feature interaction ability and optimize the detection effect of corn leaf disease spots of different sizes. Then, the Focaler - MPDIoU regression loss function is introduced to improve the regression effect of the detection bounding box, thus enhancing the accuracy of the inference results. Finally, a layer - adaptive sparsification pruning strategy is adopted to compress the model scale, further reducing the model size without losing accuracy. The experimental results show that, compared with the original RT - DETR - R18 model, the accuracy, recall rate, and mean average precision (mAP) of the new method are increased by 4.4, 3.8, and 3.2 percentage points, respectively. Meanwhile, the number of parameters, computational load, and model size are reduced by 61.53%, 65.91%, and 60.5%, respectively. It achieves the goals of improving detection accuracy and lightweighting the model and has strong practical application value.
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PhysiologicalMechanism of Low-Nitrogen Stress Response in Seedlings of AtAAP1-Transgenic Maize

ZHOU De-long, HUANG Wei, MENG Ling-cong, ZHOU Xu-dong, WANG Min, SANG Jian, GAO Ting-ting, LU Shi, LU Ming

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In this study, the maize inbred line T-Ji A8401 (transformed with the AtAAP1 low-nitrogen tolerance gene) and its recipient line Ji A8401 were used as experimental materials. Two nitrogen treatment levels were set: normal nitrogen (5 mmol/L) and low nitrogen (0.5 mmol/L). A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the AtAAP1 gene on low-nitrogen tolerance in maize at the seedling stage. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to analyze the expression level of AtAAP1, and the phenotype, biomass, and physiological and biochemical indices of seedlings under different nitrogen treatments were determined. The results showed that under low-nitrogen stress, the plant height, root length, leaf area, and biomass accumulation of AtAAP1 transgenic maize were significantly higher than those of the control. Additionally, the contents of soluble protein, free amino acids, and nitrate nitrogen increased by 280%, 296.2%, and 181.9%, respectively. qRT-PCR results revealed that under low-nitrogen treatment, the expression level of the AtAAP1 gene in roots was more significantly upregulated than that in leaves; at 12h, the gene expression level in roots reached 3.26 times the normal level.At the maturity stage, field agronomic trait determination showed that under low-nitrogen treatment, all agronomic trait indices of T-Ji A8401 exhibited significant differences compared with Ji A8401, among which the yield per mu of T-Ji A8401 was 47.7% higher than that of Ji A8401.This study confirms that the introduction of the AtAAP1 gene enhances the adaptability of maize to low-nitrogen stress by regulating metabolic pathways related to nitrogen uptake.
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Visual Analysis of Research Hotspots and Evolutionary Trajectories of Synergistic Effects of Water and Fertilizer in Maize

JI Yanzhi, mengfanrong, ZHANG Lijuan

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This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the research trajectory in Maize Water-Fertilizer Synergy to outline future research directions. Based on the Web of Science Core Collection and CNKI (literature indexed from January 1, 1995, to June 17, 2025), we employed VOSviewer and CiteSpace to perform a visual analysis of 217 English and 285 Chinese publications. The analysis covered publication volume, authors, journals, countries, institutions, and keywords, and knowledge maps were generated. Results reveal significant research progress over the past 30 years, with a steady annual increase in publications. The academic community exhibits a structure that is decentralized yet locally concentrated: internationally represented by scholars such as Zhang Fucang, and domestically in China by key figures like Li Shengxiu and Wang Linquan. The core journals were identified as Agricultural Water Management (English) and Water Saving Irrigation (Chinese). Chinese scholars contributed the most publications, accounting for 53.46% of the English-language literature. The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and Northwest A&F University (NWAFU) were identified as leading institutions. Keyword analysis indicates sustained research focus on water-fertilizer management, fertigation, and water-fertilizer coupling. Timezone mapping shows the research focus has evolved from "yield enhancement and efficiency" to a multi-angled synergy encompassing efficiency, environment, system, quality, and economy.
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Study on the Current Status and Problems of New Maize Variety Protection and DUS Testing in the New Era

DU Shuai, XU Ran, LU Yang, ZHANG Qian, ZHOU Zhi-hao, SUN Hui-juan

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Maize is the largest food crop in China. The protection of new varieties and DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability) test are the key to encourage germplasm resources innovation and respond to the national seed industry revitalization strategy in the new era. Based on the announcement of variety rights published on the website of the new plant variety protection office of the Ministry of Agriculture, the application and authorization of new maize variety protection in China were systematically analyzed. The results showed that from 1999 to 2023, maize was the crop with the largest number of applications and authorizations in China, and the number of applications and authorizations showed an overall growth trend. This paper explores the application of molecular marker technology and phenotypic measurement platform in the protection of new maize varieties and DUS testing, points out the shortcomings in the development of the industry, and provides three suggestions to promote the protection of new maize varieties and the development of DUS testing from the aspects of improving laws and regulations, optimizing the selection of similar varieties, and exploring diversified DUS testing systems, in order to provide useful thinking for testers and breeders.
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Application of melatonin-mediated modulation of drought tolerance by regulating growth and photosynthetic characteristics in maize seedlings

yang li, Liang Li Xi, Chi Yu Xin, Zhou Xun Bo

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Abstract:

In 2024, Guidan 162 was used as the experimental material. Under the drought stress at the 3-leaf stage of maize, different concentrations of melatonin (MT) solution 0 (CK), 50 (MT50), 100 (MT100), 150 (MT150) μmol/L were set to study the effects of different treatments on plant growth, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substances. The results showed that Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the plant height, fresh weight of aboveground and leaf area index, as well as leaf SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate were significantly increased. Compared with CK, leaf antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD and APX) under melatonin treatments; the osmotic regulatory substances (proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents) increased significantly after melatonin treatments, and the superoxide anion content decreased significantly. The improvement of osmotic adjustment ability enhanced the drought tolerance of maize plants, and the optimal adjustment effect was at 100 μmol/L melatonin treatment observed on the 6th day after drought stress.
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Regulatory effect of graphene oxide coating on maize seed germination and seedling growth and carbon-nitrogen metabolism

Sun Hai-yan, 但武侠, 郭伟

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To explore the effect of graphene oxide (GO) as a seed coating component on maize germination and seedling growth. In this study, uncoated seeds were set as the blank control (CK), and a total of 6 treatments were designed with different mass ratios of GO to maize seeds (mg:kg), including 0 (SD0), 150:1 (SD150), 300:1 (SD300), 450:1 (SD450), and 600:1 (SD600), the effects of different treatments on seed germination rate, amylase activity, seedling growth, and carbon-nitrogen metabolism were investigated. The results showed that at 72 hours of treatment, compared with the blank control (CK), the germination rates of seeds treated with SD150 to SD600 were significantly increased by 104% to 196%, the amylase activity in the SD300 treatment was significantly increased by 47.19%, while the β-amylase and total amylase activities in the SD450 treatment were significantly increased by 54.58% and 41.54%, respectively. At 216 hours of treatment, the bud lengths of seedlings in the SD150 to SD600 treatments were significantly increased by 14.02% to 23.13%, and the root volume in the SD450 treatment was significantly increased by 33.01%. GO coating treatment reduced the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in leaves, but increased the activities of SPS and neutral invertase (NI) in roots. Meanwhile, it significantly increased the contents of sucrose, reducing sugar, and starch in both leaves and roots. Compared with CK, the SD450 treatment resulted in significant increases in glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity by 111.05% and 37.56%, and in nitrate reductase (NR) activity by 7.16% and 16.76% in leaves and roots, respectively. Additionally, the soluble protein contents in leaves and roots were significantly increased by 7.17% and 9.62%, respectively. In conclusion, GO can significantly promote maize seed germination and seedling growth, enhance the activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and increase the accumulation of seedling biomass. SD450 exhibited the best comprehensive effect among all treatments.
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An Analysis of Agronomic Indicators Associated with the Whole Plant Dry Matter and Starch Content of Different Types of Silage Corn Varieties

liuning, 赵如浪, 王永宏

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Abstract:

To rapidly evaluate the quality of "Double 30" silage corn (with whole plant dry matter and starch content reaching over 30%), this study utilized five different types of silage corn varieties as materials to determine the dynamic changes of various indicators including the milk line position, dry matter content, starch content, dry ear-to-stem ratio, and hundred-grain weight. The results indicate that when the whole plant dry matter content reaches 30%, the milk line position is between 21.42% and 44.95%; when the whole plant starch content reaches 30%, the milk line is located between 12.26% and 44.68%; and when both parameters simultaneously reach 30%, the milk line is between 25.25% and 37.40%. Correlation analysis shows that the number of days after silking (r = 0.90), milk line position (r = 0.91), and dry ear-to-stem ratio (r = 0.88) are all significantly positively correlated with dry matter content (P < 0.01); similarly, the number of days after silking (r = 0.83), milk line position (r = 0.81), and dry ear-to-stem ratio (r = 0.97) are also significantly positively correlated with starch content. This study suggests that milk line position, number of days after silking, and dry ear-to-stem ratio can serve as reliable agronomic indicators for predicting the achievement of "Double 30" standards.
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Characteristics Related to ‘Easy Seed Production’ and the Key Technology of High Yield and High Efficiency Seed Production of Commercial Hybrids Jingke968 et al

WANG Yuan-dong, ZHAO Jiu-ran, FENG Pei-yu, DUAN Min-xiao, ZHANG Hua-sheng, WANG Rong-huan, CHEN Chuan-yong

Abstract: (2157) HTML (0) PDF (918.11 KKB)(40535)

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Characteristics related to ‘easy seed production’ of Jingke968 et al., and their yield and yield components in typical seed high-yield plots were analyzed. The result showed that Jingke968 et al possessed good traits for easy seed production, and their seed yield per unit area was as high as Zhengdan958 and higher than Xianyu 335. Compared to Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 there were obvious advantages in the total effective commodity grain number per unit area for Jingke968. Advancing breeding guidelines and technical routes were the key to the success for Jingke968 et al in easy seed production, and integrated and optimized the key technical measures were the basis for high yield and high efficiency in seed production.
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Correlation Analysis on Test Weight of Maize Grains at Different Grain Positions with Grain Physical Characters

ZHANG Li, ZHANG Ji-wang, ZHOU Wei, FAN Xin, LIU Peng, DONG Shu-ting

Abstract: (3720) HTML (0) PDF (1.02 MKB)(30492)

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In the present experiment, four maize cultivars(Nongda108 and Zhendan958 as common maize, Feiyu3 and Zhendan18 as high starch maize) were used to study and discuss the correlation between test weight and grain physical characters of apical, middle and basal grain. The reslult showed that the test weight of high starch maize was higher than that of normal maize. Test weight values of different grain positions expressed as basal grain > apical grain > middle grain. Correlation analysis showed that test weight was significantly and positively correlated with specific gravity and single grain weight. Meanwhile, test weight and grain length, grain length/width, single grain volume and packing efficiency were positively correlated, but the correlation coefficient could not reach significant levels. On the contrary, test weight was correlated with percent floater and percent water content after harvest significantly and negatively. With the percent water content decreasing, test weight was increasing. Each decreasing of percent water would result in 5.10, 5.41 and 5.63 g/L increasing of test weight in apical, middle and basal maize grain.
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Germplasm Base of Maize Breeding in China and Formation of Foundation Parents

LI Yu, WANG Tian-yu

Abstract: (9681) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(25420)

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Based on retrospective review on germplasm sources of maize breeding in China, i.e. local landraces, overseas inbred lines, overseas hybrids and populations, it was suggested that a major of temperate inbred in China could be divided into six groups, that was, Tangsipingtou, Lancaster, Lancaster-like, PA, PB and PC. The foundation parents used in maize breeding included Dan 340, Huangzaosi, Zi330, Mo17 and Ye478 etc. In this paper, directions and priorities of research on germplasm resources and foundation parents were also proposed.
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Scientific and Technological Innovation of Maize Breeding in China

DAI Jing-rui, E Li-zhu

Abstract: (7887) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(21812)

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This paper summed up the main successful experiences of China’s maize breeding in the past 60 years, point out the great contribution of maize breeding level on the production. And analyzed the current problem of maize breeding science and technology in China,proposed the initiatives with relying on scientific and technological progress,improve the level of China's maize breeding and the breeding innovation capability base on the growth in maize consumption,constraints on resources and environment,the variation of climate, and the international competition.
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Theoretical Foundation and Practice Experience of Breeding for Maize Inbred Lines

ZHANG Ming-Tang1, XU Guo-liang 2, CAI Zhuo2

Abstract: (6349) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(20590)

Abstract:

Selection is an effective tool for evolution(natural selection) and animal-plant improvement(artificial selection).The foundation for selection is based on clear diversity of natural environment,genetic variation or polymorphism of genes and genetic-environment interaction.The basic theory and certain practical methods in selection were discussed.
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Ac/Ds Transposon System and Its Utilization in Mutant Library Construction in Maize

DONG Lei, KU Li-xia, CHEN Yan-hui, LI Ping-hua

Abstract: (5941) HTML (0) PDF (1.11 MKB)(19680)

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Ac/Ds transposon system is an important tool for maize functional genomics. Its distinctive properties, e.g. low copy number in the genome, insertion basis to the exons, and mutating different loci in a single gene, make it a wonderful system for mutant library construction and gene function characterization in maize. The specificity and mechanisms of Ac/Ds transposon in maize as well as the application of this system in constructing the mutant library were reviewed. The current progress of mutant library construction and further utilization of Ac/Ds in China was also discussed.
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Application Genetic Mutant for Improvement of Particular Maize Ⅷ. Discussion on Plant Breeding and Application Technology of Popcorn

QIN Tai-chen, DENG De-xiang, BIAN Yun-long

Abstract: (878) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(18353)

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Many hurdred years ago, the popcorn has been introduced in China. As a idle food for commercial company that it is not spreaded. The scientific investigation, production and development of popeorn has been comprehended in this paper. Meanwhile, the improvement germplasm and the tecnique for plant breeding of popcorn also has been evaluated. Finally, we must lay emphasis on the nice quality that was considering a natural kind characteristics of popcon. So that, the excellent mouth feel and flavour shall be outline in improving.
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The Development and Evolution of the Major Maize Producing Areas in China

GUO Qing-hai1, 2

Abstract: (2527) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(18255)

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The development and evolution of the major maize producing areas had great changes in China from the 1950’s, which has shown a series of characteristics. The evolution of the major maize producing areas is the result that multiple factors such as social demand, technology progress, comparative effectiveness. Recently stage existing main problems is insufficient on the technological support of fine varieties, the constraint of the management scale of land and water resource, the inadaptable issue of the circulation system, and absence of design of maize development strategy and so on. The development trends of the major maize producing areas development and evolution is that the space of expanding cultivated areas is more and more small; intensive management is the fundamental choice for the development of the major maize producing areas in China; cropping structure will further be Optimized; the core region will be build Chinese maize industrialized base.
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Review of Genetically Modified Maize

LIU Xiao-dan, LI Shu-hua, XU Guo-liang, XUE Yin-gen, CAI Zhuo, XU Wen-wei

Abstract: (3070) HTML (0) PDF (607.87 KKB)(17897)

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The transgenic traits have been engineered into maize include resistance to insect pests, tolerance to herbicides, tolerance to drought, male sterility, elevated levels of lysine and expressing a heat stable alpha-amylase enzyme. We reviewed the methods for transformation, the genes and traits introduced into maize, the approaches for stacking multiple-transgenes, the common traits of transgenic maize in the US market, the detection of genetically modified maize, and insect resistance management strategies of Bt maize. We discussed the issues in the management of expired genes after 2014, and the trends in genetically-modified maize development.
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Characteristics and Enlightenment of Corn Production Technologies in the U.S.

LI Shao-kun

Abstract: (3142) HTML (0) PDF (1.33 MKB)(17428)

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Key technologies of corn production in the U.S. were introduced, including the selection of corn varieties for ripe period, farming operation and corn growing process, tillage system and soil preparation, irrigation and fertilization, cover crop and precision agriculture. Based on the comparative analysis of China and U.S. on climatic conditions and development process of corn production, some proposals in such aspects as change of goals in corn production were put forward from high yield to high yield and high efficiencies(natural resource use and economics), simplifying farming procedure, and promoting the full mechanization from planting to harvest, with emphasis on mechanized harvest of grain.
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Research Progress on Unilateral Cross-incompatibility Genes and Their Utilization in Maize Breeding

ZHAO Xian-rong, LI Song, CHEN Zhi-bin, CHEN Hua-bang

Abstract: (3317) HTML (0) PDF (668.69 KKB)(15914)

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Unilateral cross-incompatibility genes in maize were known as Gametophyte factors(Ga) which influence the sexual transmission of haploid gametes. Many popcorn inbred lines carry these genes and can fertilize dent and flint maize lines. However, reciprocal crosses were often unsuccessful. This cross-incompatibility of Ga genes can be applied to reproductive isolation among different maize varieties and maize relatives and to study signal transduction and pollen-pistil interactions in the course of maize fertilization.
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Advances in Maize Breeding Technologies and Commercial Breeding Practices

DONG Zhan-shan, GAO Yu-feng, CHAI Yu-chao, ZHAO Guang-yuan, LU Hong, CAI Zhuo

Abstract: (3227) HTML (0) PDF (1.45 MKB)(15814)

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Since new millennium, a number of new breeding technologies had been emerged or advanced, such as marker assistant selection, haploid doubling technology, evaluation and positioning of hybrids, high throughput phenotyping technology etc. These technologies had dramatically improved the efficiency of plant breeding. A well-organized technology pipeline was essential to the success of a commercial breeding institution. In this paper, the current status of commercial breeding in China and the importance of several breeding technologies were reviewed, and a practical breeding technology system for maize germplasm improvement was provided. The system integrated marker assistant selection, haploid doubling technology, precision evaluation and positioning of hybrids, high throughput phenotyping and breeding big data management, it could more effectively accelerate maize commercial breeding process of China.
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Induction of Maternal Haploids in Maize

WANG Li-na1, 2, XU Guo-Liang2, DAI Yu-xian2, REN Jun2, LI Shu-hua2, YU Ming-yan2, CAI Zhuo2

Abstract: (2713) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(15695)

Abstract:

Recently, haploidy has been used widely in both maize breeding and genetics. However, the mechanism of haploid induction has not been explained, so far. In this work, we would like to present some results which have some contradictions with the mechanism of haploid induction which is known in apomictic development-pseudogamy. We also study the influence of heterofertilization on the induction of maternal haploids. The results indicated that during the induction of haploids adelay of fertilization occurs. In our opinion, the delay of fertilization was the reason for the high frequencies of heterofertilization in the pollinations where the haploid inducer was used. A delay of pollination leads to a decrease in the frequency which could also be caused by the phenomenon of heterofertilization. The last goal was to compare adult haploids of inbred lines produced by different inducers. It seems most likely the reason for the differences between haploids was partial hybridization with the inducers.
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Era of Maize Breeding 4.0

WANG Xiang-feng, CAI Zhuo

Abstract: (3604) HTML (0) PDF (1.99 MKB)(15572)

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In the first twenty years of 21^st century, human society has entered the era of artificial intelligences (AI). Combining AI and life sciences has promoted revolutionary changes in medicines, health and agriculture, and also provide unprecedented opportunities for maize seed industry in China. Crop breeding has experienced three historical phases, in which, ancient farmers cultivated landrace varieties by observing crop trait variations, professional breeders applied designed breeding schemes according to genetics and statistics, and modern molecular breeders applied genetic engineering technology to modify desired traits. Professor Edwards Buckler, a renowned maize geneticist raised the concept of "Breeding 4.0" which emphasizes that nowadays crop breeding will be supported by multiple cross-disciplinary technologies including gene editing and synthetic biology, genomics and bioinformatics, Big Data and AI, together to intelligently and efficiently accelerate breeding cycles, and finally promote the revolutionary change of crop breeding from "art", to "sciences", and finally to "intelligence".
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Research Progress on Physio-biochemistry and Molecular Genetics of Chilling Tolerance in Maize

MA Yan-hua, WANG Qing-xiang, CHEN Shao-jiang

Abstract: (2165) HTML (0) PDF (877.09 KKB)(15493)

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As an important cereal crop, maize is sensitive to chilling stress. Early spring chilling damage is one of the main natural disasters in northern spring maize region. It has become an important factor that elevated maize yield level in this region. The research progress on physio-biochemistry of chilling tolerance in maize was summarized from the aspects of membrane lipid peroxidation, photosynthesis, exogenous hormones, proline and soluble protein content. Current advance in QTL analysis, molecular signal conduction, gene clone and transform for chilling tolerance in the recent years were reviewed. The problems and perspectives of maize chilling tolerance were also provided.
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The Advances at Haploid Breeding of Maize in China

JIANG Yu;WANG Yu-min;WANG Zhong-wei;et al.

Abstract: (1685) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(15333)

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This paper introduced the research progress of China's maize haploid in producing approaches,the identification method and the doubling method,and made a summary for the application value of haploid techniques in maize breeding.
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Study Proceeding in Haploid Breeding of Maize

DU He-wei1, 2, DAI Jing-rui2, LI Jian-sheng2

Abstract: (2802) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(15291)

Abstract:

The gynogenesis-inducer lines were used to induce maternal haploid, and this technology had been widely used in maize breeding, which accelerated the breeding process. The technology of haploid production and the methods of chromosome doubled in maize were introduced. Possible cause of the haploid-induce and the application of haploid in maize were discussed. Finally, we focused on some problems of haploid breeding, and haploid technology would become to a main method to select inbred lines in maize.
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Research Progress of Haploid Doubling Technology on Maize

LI Liang, LI Hao-chuan, XU Xiao-wei, CHEN Shao-jiang

Abstract: (2545) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(15203)

Abstract:

Application of haploid technology can significantly accelerate the breeding process in maize breeding. Currently, widely application of this technology depends on the haploid doubling efficiency. It was reviewed that the main methods of chromosome doubling in maize, including the commonly used colchicine, as well as other microtubule inhibitors. Perspectives on chromosome doubling were also mentioned.
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Germplasm Enhancement in Maize: Advances and Prospects

LI Yu, WANG Tian-yu

Abstract: (2035) HTML (0) PDF (1.02 MKB)(15003)

Abstract:

Transgenic technology(genetic engineering) has become an important approach in maize breeding, and its commercial use has resulted in the reform and even the revolution of global maize seed industry and maize production modes. The release of transgenic maize varieties have contributed greatly to food security, environmental security and farmers' income increase in the world. The advances in transformation techniques and transgenic breeding in maize were studied, and future prospects and main tasks in the field of transgenic research in maize were also proposed.
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Concept and Practices of Maize Commercial Breeding in China

DONG Zhan-shan, LU Hong, CHAI Yu-chao, CAI Zhuo

Abstract: (2973) HTML (0) PDF (1.38 MKB)(14581)

Abstract:

Commercial plant breeding means that the entire R&D facility in a seed company can be divided into multiple research departments through which multiple research pipelines can be created. Closely related research functions are grouped together to form a management unit or research department. Through modulation, specialization, industrialization of the R&D processes, overall efficiency is dramatically improved. In turn, fruitful research results will be delivered and more profit will be made for the company. A robust breeding technology system is required to deliver successful products through the commercial plant breeding system. This paper described the research management idea and technology system of commercial maize breeding in details. Based on the current status of Chinese seed industry, we proposed a conceptual framework to build an efficient system of commercial maize breeding to boost China seed industry. We urge that Chinese government and private/public seed companies should work together to establish research and service infrastructure to realize the commercialization of new breeding technologies. Through the infrastructure, resources and information can be shared across the seed industry.
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Progress of the Maize Genomics

TIAN Qin-zhen; XIE Chuan-xiao; LI Xin-hai; LI Ming-shun; ZHANG Shi-huang

Abstract: (2416) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(14176)

Abstract:

The background and progress of the maize genomics was introduced and summarized. More than 80% of encoding sequences in maize genome had been sequenced as the great progress in structural genomics due to enriching and filtration methodology of encoding sequences which were developed recently. Functional genomics was also promoted great forward with the promoting of the EST project, Mu-tagging, microarry technology and TILLING strategy. Meanwhile, the comparative genomics with deciphered sequences and data from Aribidopsis and rice genome facilitate to decode the sequences, to deduce their function, and to aid the mapping. Exponentially accumulating data, newly developed softwares, sequence deciphering were the key subjects in bioinformatics nowdays. The impact of the genomics on corn breeding was dicussed too.
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Comparative Study on Methods for Testing Pollen Viability of Maize

WANG Yan-zhe1, CUI Yan-hong2, ZHANG Li-hua3, LI Jin-cai2

Abstract: (2779) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(13661)

Abstract:

In this paper,three methods were used to detemined the pollen viability of maize,including iodine-iodide kalium method,triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) method and germination in vitro.The results showed that the method of iodine-iodide kalium could not be able to describe the pollen viability of maize.The methods of TTC and germination in vitro were both fit for detection of pollen viability of maize and the former was more simple and nice.
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Relationship of Roots in Different Soil Strata and Yield of Maize under Simulated Obstacle of Root Layer

WANG Zhi-gang, WANG Jun, GAO Ju-lin, YIN Bin, BAI Jian-fang, YU Shao-bo, LIANG Hong-wei, LI Ya-jian

Abstract: (2187) HTML (0) PDF (1.37 MKB)(13493)

Abstract:

In order to clarify the relationship of roots in different soil strata and yield of maize, an experiment with simulated root-layer obstacles in field pools was conducted. The result showed that root indexes including root biomass, total root length and root surface area, canopy photosynthesis capacity and yield of root limited treatments were significantly lower than that of control(without root limited). The relative contribution of roots in 0-20 cm, 21-40 cm, 41-60 cm, 61-80 cm and below 80 cm soil strata were calculated from the yield losses compared to control, which separately were 52%, 11%, 7%, 12% and 19%. This indicated that root below the 20cm plowing layer contributed 48% to maize yield, in which the root below 60 cm soil layer contributed 31% to maize yield. This result manifested that deep roots played an important role to maize yield by uptaking water and nutrition during post-anthesis period with relative smaller proportion to total root biomass.
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Exploration and Inspiration of Naming System in the U.S.

Lü Chao, DAI Yu-xian, LIU Xiao-dan, GUO Qi, LI Shu-hua, XU Guo-liang, REN Jun, YU Ming-yan

Abstract: (2344) HTML (0) PDF (993.68 KKB)(13270)

Abstract:

Hybrid is the lifeline of a seed company, the name of a hybrid is becoming the intangible assets of the company. It's difficult to create a famous brand if there isn't a series of scientific and sustainable hybrid naming system, as well as, that might be lead to sales confusion and statistics fuzzy. Therefore, this paper analysis and discuss the crop naming system of the companies in China and the U.S. Suggested drawing on the experience of the naming system in the U.S. Aim at the problems in the local seed companies, making suggestions on maize hybrid naming system in maize registration hybrid, test hybrid, elite inbred line.
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Genetic Diversity Analysis of Portion Maize Inbred Lines from North China

WANG Ming-quan1, SU Jun1, LI Chun-xia1, GONG Shi-chen1, ZHANG Rui-ying2, et al.

Abstract: (1764) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(13141)

Abstract:

SSR technology is used to analyze the genetic diversity of earlier maize inbred lines from North China.43 pair of primers,which are selected from 79 pairs SSR core primers catalog provided by CIMMYT-AMBIONET service lab are used for genetic diversity research on 52 maize inbred lines,and 174 polymorphic bands can be detected.The mean allele variance number is 4.35 with arrange from 2 to 8 in each site,the mean PIC value is 0.593.The UPGMA analysis classified 52 inbred lines into 5 distinct clusters,Lancaster,BSSS,Luda red cob,Sipingtou and integration.Most of the parents used in commercial maize hybrids came from the different clusters.
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Utilization of Excellent Germplasm from American in Maize Breeding

WANG Guo-hong, SHI Qing-zhuo, WANG Yan-bo, LIN Feng

Abstract: (2928) HTML (0) PDF (995.37 KKB)(13052)

Abstract:

Used 10 F₁ hybrids and 18 parental inbred lines as the experimental materials, the improved effects and heterosis of grain rate, 1 000-grain weight and yield per ear in maize were studied. The results showed that 1 000-grain weight and grain weight per ear of the improved lines by introducing PH6WC were significantly better that of unimproved lines, and the increasing range was from 2.6% to 12.3%, from 4.4% to 9.5% respectively. The rate of grain and grain weight per ear of the improved lines by introducing PH4CV were significantly better that of unimproved lines, and the increasing range was very high from -0.3% to 12.0%, from 16.8% to 34.8% respectively. The yield of new combination PH6WC×Liao3250, Liao3358×PH4CV and PH6WC×Liao3258 was 12 731.5 kg/ha, 12 485.5 kg/ha and 12 396.3 kg/ha, which was higher significantly than Zhengdan958 respectively. Rate of grain weight of all F1 hybrids represented mid-parent heredity, 1 000-grain weight and grain weight per ear of all F1 hybrids represented over dominance heredity．
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The Specification of Using Haploid Breeding of Hybrid Maize Breeding the Inbred Lines (Provisional Edition)

CAI Zuo, XU Guo-liang, DAI Yu-xian, et al.

Abstract: (4985) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(13027)

Abstract:

By summaried the theoretical and empirical of haploid breeding at home and abroad, and following the guidance of the well-known haploid breeder in the USA, this specification were assemblied for the trial information. The specification laid down the basic operating procedures of breeding inbred lines with hybridization-induced haploid, made the technical requirements in haploid hybridization-induced, seed screening, plant recognition, natural and artificial double and doubled haploid. The key technology in every aspect were trialing and not yet perfect(artificial doubling and many other areas was commercial confidentiality). Following this program, batch selection the high-volume homozygous inbred lines only needs 2 - 3 reproductive generations.
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Segregation Distortion study on Bio-induced Parthenogenesis-derived Doubled Haploid Lines of Maize by SNP

XU Li-wen, DUAN Min-xiao, SONG Wei, TIAN Hong-li, WANG Feng-ge, ZHAO Jiu-ran, WANG Shou-cai

Abstract: (1821) HTML (0) PDF (1.16 MKB)(13019)

Abstract:

Haploids originating from the hybrid, Xianyu335 (PH6WC×PH4CV) were crossed with the haploid in-ducer, Jingkeyou006 and the resulting doubled haploid lines (DHs) were obtained by chromosome doubling with col-chicine. A total of 1337 SNP markers detected polymorphism between PH6WC and PH4CV. Among 1 337 SNP, cov-ering whole maize 10 chromosomes, five hundred and sixteen SNP (38.6%) showed the genetic distortion (P<0.05). Of the total segregation distortion SNP, two hundred and eighty-five SNP (55.2%) deviated toward female parent, PH6WC, while 231 SNP (44.8%) deviated toward male parent, PH4CV. Totally, tensegregation distortion regions (SDRs) were detected among 8 different chromosomes, the relationship between χ² valueand position in chromosome of SNP was analyzed.
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Transcription Analysis of Gene Expression in Near Isogenic Lines of opaque2 in Maize

YAN Na, SONG Li-ya, XIA Ren-pei, ZHOU Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Shi-huang, LI Xin-hai, HAO Zhuan-fang, WENG Jian-feng, ZHANG De-gui, YONG Hong-jun, LI Ming-shun

Abstract: (2126) HTML (0) PDF (1.21 MKB)(12967)

Abstract:

OPAQUE2, encoding by gene Opaque2, is one member of alkaline leucine zipper transcription factor family, and can regulate the expressions of several related genes by combining with the promoter region. Liao2345/o2 is the gene backcross import department of o2 constructed by the laboratory. Obvious differences between protein expressions were verified by analyzing protein expressions in the endosperm of 18 days after pollination(DAP) using the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 9 proteins were screened out through the mass spectrometry analysis. In order to determine the relationship between Opaque2 and the selected proteins, the amount of the RNA level expression of the selected proteins wasdetected using the relative fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The result showed that Chif may be suppressed by O2, whereas Ubc, Lgl, Sdh, LOC541920, Shmt and Ppdk were likely promoted or activated by O2.
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Effects of Silage Yields Development and Regulation on Foodstuff Maize

ZHU Xia; YANG Wen-yu; REN Wan-jun

Abstract: (1390) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(12301)

Abstract:

试验选用了在四川当地适合作青贮的粮饲兼用型玉米品种川单21、成单22、雅玉8号、燎原青贮玉米2号与从新疆引进的专用青贮玉米品种新青2号作对比试验,研究其产量形成规律及适宜的种植密度与收割时期.结果表明,鲜物质、干物质产量以及果穗产量均以粮饲兼用型玉米较高,其中以雅玉8号表现最优;适宜的种植密度为127 500株/hm²;粮饲兼用型青贮玉米的适宜收获期在抽丝后35～42 d,专用型青贮玉米新青2号在抽丝后28～35 d。
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Innovation and Application of Elite Maize Line 5003 with Dwarf Character Controlled by Multigenic Genes

JIANG Wei-lian, GUO Ri-ji, LIU Yuan-zhi, TENG Tao, ZHANG Yue, FAN Rong-feng

Abstract: (2478) HTML (0) PDF (866.76 KKB)(12217)

Abstract:

An elite maize inbred 5003 and its sister line 5005 were important core dwarf germplasm source,which was controlled by multigenic genes.5003 as well as derived elite inbreds had widely adaptability,high stress tolerances and high combining ability with other heterosis groups,which consists of a new dwarf heterosis group.Since 1980's,twenty five of derived elite inbreds were bred using 5003 as germplasm source and 38 hybrids planted over 100 thousand hectares were combined by those inbreds.The total planting areas of those hybrids reached to 108 million hectares in China.
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Application Progress of Transcriptome Sequencing Technology in Maize

XU Bo, ZHANG Wei-qiang, FENG Xiao-xi, WANG Cheng-ye, ZHANG Hai-shen, XU Hai-tao, WANG You-hua, ZHANG Jin-han

Abstract: (2787) HTML (0) PDF (881.70 KKB)(12083)

Abstract:

With the development of functional genomics, the transcriptome sequencing has a rapid development and a wide application. Maize genome sequencing is completed, which has strongly promoted to the maize transcriptome structure annotation and functional probing analysis. The maize genome research and the developing of sequencing technology such as GS FLX, Solexa GA Ⅱx, SOLiD were summarized, and the application of transcriptome sequencing technology in maize about new genes mining, development of molecular markers, metabolic networks, molecular evolution, miRNAs and other related research fields were reviewed, trying to provide a beneficial reference in maize of further research into the molecular mechanism of complex agronomic traits, gene expression regulatory network in different developmental stages and even the molecular design breeding.
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Study on the Law of Soil Moisture and Evapo-transpiration Changes in the Irrigated Corn Farmland

SUN Zhan-xiang, FENG Liang-shan, DU Gui-juan, LIU Yang

Abstract: (1568) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(12080)

Abstract:

We had studied law changes of soil moisture and evapo-transpiration in irrigated farmland of corn which was the principal crop of dry farmland in Liaoning province. The results indicated that the minimum moisture content of soil was in the soil layer 0 - 20 cm where moisture fluctuation ranged the most widely in the whole crop growth and development period. In contrast, the change of moisture was modest in the soil layer 30 - 50 cm where the water content of the soil keeped a gradient clearly. The change of the moisture in the soil layer 50 - 90 cm lagged the layer 0 - 20 cm, though the change in the two soil layers were parallel. The actual measured evaporation and the reference evapotranspiration increased greatly in the earlier stage of crop growth and development period. The evaporation was weak sometimes in the intermediate stage of crop growth and development period for various reasons, especially for the overcast sky. The maximum of reference evapotranspiration at the 46th day after sowing and the maximum of actual measured evaporation at the 96th day after sowing. Both decreased gradually in the later stage of crop growth and development period. The proportion of plant interspace evaporation to actual measurement evaporation was higher in the earlier stage of crop growth and development period. The proportion was changed in evidence in the intermediate stage, because of the rainfall and irrigation. And the proportion was smaller in the later stage. The crop coefficient increase with leaves area. The maximum crop coefficient at the 81st day after sowing, and then it became weak gradually.
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Analysis on Heterosis Relationship Between Canadian Early Maturity Maize Population and Partial Germplasm in Heilongjiang Province

LIU Chang-hua, YU Tian-jiang, ZHANG Lin, WANG Zhen-hua

Abstract: (3648) HTML (0) PDF (926.32 KKB)(11852)

Abstract:

A NCⅡ test design was adopted to cross 5 common early maturity testers in Heilongjiang with 45 improved lines from 14 Canadian populations to analyze combining ability and heterosis. The result showed GCA effect value of individual plant yield of improved lines of SW1030, SW1052, SW1271, SW1274, SW1183, SW1072, SW1054 and SW1069 which come from EP6, EP7, EP8, EP14 and EP15 respectively were well. Forty-five improved lines belong to Lancaster group, Reid group, Sipingtou group, PA and Dahuang group, the heterosis was high between improved lines and Lancaster group, Reid group.
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Root Morphology and Its Response to Planting Density in Different Genotypes with Root Architecture

CAI Hong-guang, LIU Jian-zhao, ZHANG Xiu-zhi, YAN Xiao-gong, ZHANG Hong-xi, YUAN Jing-chao, GAI Jia-hui, REN Jun

Abstract: (1691) HTML (0) PDF (1.06 MKB)(11827)

Abstract:

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the root morphology of eight genotypes and their distribution in 0-60 cm soil layer in different planting density treatments. The results indicated that there were significant differences for root length, root dry weight, and vertical root pulling resistance. L105 and L109 had the larger root system, L172 and L224 had the smaller root system. L132, L160 and L224 were more sensitive toplanting density except for L219. The root presented the vertical extension with the increasing of density. There were significant genotypic differences in different soil layers for root length and root dry weight. The reaction of genotypes on root system was in specific soil layers in different planting density treatments.
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Application and Trends of Transgenic Corn in the U.S.

陈化榜

Abstract: (4549) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(11788)

Abstract:

The United States is the number one country in the world in terms of total corn acreage, total corn production and unit yield. Corn yields have been further improved by the introduction of transgenic corn varieties since 1996. The two major transgenic corns are insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant corns. Insect resistance was achieved by expressing in corn cry genes from Bacillus Thuringiensis(Bt) and herbicide tolerance by expressing either modified EPSPS or EPSPS from agrobacterium strain CP4. In the past ten years, transgenic corn acreage has grown steadily, and transgenic corn varieties have been improved from single transgenic traits to double and multiple traits stacked together. Transgenic corn has been proven successful in fighting insects, reducing pesticide application and increasing yield. However, issues about genetically modified organisms' long term effects on human health and environment still remain, and more research and studies are still needed.
1
Effect of Water Stress on Maize Yield During Different Growing Stages

BAI Xiang-li1, SUN Shi-xian2, YANG Guo-hang3, LIU Ming1, ZHANG Zhen-ping1, QI Hua1

Abstract: (1054) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(11787)

Abstract:

The result of maize experiment with water stress in different growing stages showed that soil drought stress could lead to yield decreasing in any growing stages. The yield decreased most in tisseling and silking stage under water stress, next in jointing stage, and the affect of seeding stage was faintish comparatively. Although water stress could restrict the sink formation of maize seed, the later stage could maintain large leaf area. Re-watering could rapidly compensate the growth increment in prophase stage with water stress. Water stress in booting stage may lead to plant dwarfing, ear height lowering and the yield decreasing. Flowering was the water critical stage in maize. Drought might lead to the increment of ASI, the great decrement of grain number. Accordingly, it affected the maize yield seriously.
1
Improvement of TTC Method Determining Root Activity in Corn

Bat Baozhang;Bat Song, Jin Jinzhi, Huang Liping

Abstract: (4144) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(11665)

Abstract:

Root activity is a physiological index that is often needed determining it in studying growth and development of corn plant.This paper compaed 3 extractive methods of TTC method determining root activity in corn plants.The results showed that soaking method by methyl alcohol is a method of exact result and simplifing process.
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Conception of New Maize Breeding System Based on Spontaneous Doubling Capabilities Integrated into Recurrent Selection Scheme

CAI Zhuo, XU Guo-liang, GUO Qi, LIU Xiao-dan, REN Jun, DAI Yu-xian, LI Shu-hua, YU Ming-yan

Abstract: (2814) HTML (0) PDF (1.51 MKB)(11561)

Abstract:

Based on related theory and breeding practice, at the foundation of scaled haploid breeding technique, the genetic repairing mechanism of the haploids was applied to recover its doubling capabilities in recurrent selection scheme in this article. We are integrated this recovering doubling capabilities into the main frame of the bidirectional heterotic group breeding practice using recurrent breeding selection concept, and also incorporated into modern technologies of molecular assisted design, and data collection and analysis, to construct a "double recurrent breeding integrated technology system of the haploids, mainly to enhance the spontaneous doubling rate." Through the improvement of recovering haploids doubling rate into the main frame of bidirectional heterotic group recurrent breeding scheme, we are able to rapid accumulate spontaneous doubling genes of the male tassel, and also cumulatively to combine useful genes together for useful agronomic traits improvement. Follow the progression of breeding, we are able to generate two high haploid doubling commercial core germplasm heterotic groups of male and female. These two source materials help to give high haploid doubling rate, to help to bypass complicate and toxic laboratory or industrialized chromosome doubling procedures, and to help to establish a very simplified and high throughput "field haploid spontaneous doubling technology system". This improved system can accomplish new crossing of breeding technology, greatly improve breeding efficiency, reduce breeding time, and simplify breeding procedures.
1
Analysis of Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters on 13 Maize Inbred Lines Plant Morphology

WANG Liang, JING Xi-qiang, FENG Guang, YANG Hui, TANG Wen-ming, LI Fang-ming

Abstract: (1571) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(11554)

Abstract:

Ten inbred lines that selected by Dandong academic of agricultural sciences and other 3 main inbred lines were made in the study. This paper carried on the combining ability analysis of the 13 inbred lines allocate with 40 hybrids by NCⅡ method, and estimated the genetic parameters. The results showed that inbred lines of Dan787, C8645, DH34 and Dan598 had the higher general combining ability which crossed high yield hybrids of Dan859×DH34, Dan787×Dan598, Dan787×chang7-2. The agronomic traits of ear height, tassel branch numbers, leaf distance uppermost ear and leaf distance uppermost ear should be selected earlier, but yield, the first leaf length should be selected later
1
Maize Origin and Domestication

唐祈林; 荣廷昭

Abstract: (3667) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(11373)

Abstract:

Up to now, the origin of maize is still submitted to scientific controversy for several centuries, numerous hypotheses or theories of maize origin have been offered. In this paper, it was reviewed that currently six leading hypotheses: the wild pod corn hypothesis, common origin hypothesis, the tripartite hypothesis, the orthodox teosinte theory, the catastrophic sexual transmutation theory, tripsacum-Z.diploperennis hypothesis are received serious consideration. The perspectives of these hypotheses are also discussed.
1
Current Status and Perspectives of Maize Breeding Technologies

DONG Chun-shui, CAI Zhuo

Abstract: (3882) HTML (0) PDF (978.59 KKB)(11279)

Abstract:

Over the last 30 years, maize breeding technology had advanced in many areas. Molecular markers, doubled haploid and biotechnology had been widely applied. Many methodology breakthroughs had been made in maize inbred and hybrid breeding. Here we provided the concise reviews of several major maize breeding technologies, including molecular breeding, progeny selection methods, transgenic breeding technology, doubled haploid and so on. We also generated a list of prospects in corn breeding technologies for next 10-20 years.
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Genetic Improvement of Maize Resistance

JING Shao-ling1;ZHAO Shu-ren2;YE Qing-jiang3;SUN Zhi-chao1;LI Shu-hua1

Abstract: (1254) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(11221)

Abstract:

阐述了玉米主要病害玉米大小斑病、丝黑穗病、黑粉病、茎腐病(青枯病)、弯孢叶斑病、灰斑病、锈病、矮花叶病、穗粒腐病的病原菌及其流行情况。提出抗性遗传特性和研究进展、抗源的收集筛选和品种抗病性选育改良方法。
1
Summary of Planting Patterns on Intercropping Maize

LI Cai-hong; WU Bo-zhi

Abstract: (1464) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(11186)

Abstract:

阐述了国内外有关玉米间套作种植方式的研究进展,分析了间套作的生态效应、生理效应以及对作物病虫草害的影响和控制水土流失的作用,提出我国间套作应注意的关键问题。
1
Association Analysis and Breeding by Molecular Design in Maize

WANG Yi-jun, SUN Ping, DENG De-xiang, BIAN Yun-long

Abstract: (1658) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(11091)

Abstract:

Based on linkage disequilibrium, association analysis has made significant progress in maize genomics research. With sequencing the B73 maize genome, picturing maize haplotype map, developing high-density marker and cloning genes which control important agricultural traits of maize, molecular breeding and breeding by design in maize will become a trend. In this paper, maize genome organization was firstly introduced. Then, status of association analysis in maize was presented in detail. Finally, molecular breeding and breeding by design in maize were discussed.
1
Advances in Modern Data-driven Breeding Technologies

DONG Chun-shui, CAI Zhuo

Abstract: (3060) HTML (0) PDF (518.39 KKB)(11082)

Abstract:

The modern computer technologies have greatly fostered the modern data-driven crop breeding technology. As data acquisition technologies getting mature, data generated in the crop breeding process grow exponentially and explosively. Traditional crop breeding technology has been revolutionized to accommodate the massive data in breeding processes. Because the data types generated in crop breeding processes are extremely complex, storing, analyzing, and effectively utilizing them become increasingly challenging and directly lead to the rapid development of modern data-driven breeding techniques. A conceptual framework of crop breeding data management system was provided based on the thorough analysis of the diverse types of data generated in maize breeding programs, and the relationship were also enucleated. In addition to the core database, a well-designed crop breeding data management system should include a number of data analysis modules: the genealogical tree and phylogenetic analysis, molecular markers and gene discovery, data acquisition and trait dissection, selection of parents and progenies, breeding strategy, experiment design and statistical analysis, crop modeling, and dynamic gene network modeling. These data processing modules can be integrated together according to the actual needs of the crop breeding practices.
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Progress on the Maize Biology Research in China in 2018

SONG Wei-bin, ZHAO Hai-ming, LAI Jin-sheng

Abstract: (2611) HTML (0) PDF (919.38 KKB)(11075)

Abstract:

In 2018, the progresses of maize biology research in China were well demonstrated by maintaining the momentum of having high impact research articles published in top academic journals. Totally, 282 research pa-pers were published in 75 SCI journals, with 63 papers having relative high impact factor(IF>5). Overall, important progresses have been made in the following directions:genomics, genetic regulation of maize kernel development, genetic regulation of maize root, genetic regulations of maize biotic and abiotic stresses, genetic regulation of maize flowering time, genetic regulation of maize fertility.
1
Application of High-throughput Data Acquisition Technologies in Modern Maize Breeding

DONG Chun-shui, CAI Zhuo

Abstract: (2796) HTML (0) PDF (430.64 KKB)(10956)

Abstract:

Modern crop breeding technology vividly demonstrates its growing path from the empirical to the precision. In the last few decades, worldwide maize breeding technologies had been experienced significant advancement, especially after application of molecular biology in the breeding process. As the advances in precision breeding technology, breeders are required to establish robust relationships between genotypes and phenotypes. Nowadays, genotyping technology has advanced dramatically, the cost and throughput allow that breeders to genotype their entire breeding population with no many burdens. Precision phenotyping is becoming the bottleneck in the precision breeding technology and innovative breakthroughs are urgent needs. Recent years breeders, engineers, and data scientists collaborate together to develop high throughput data acquisition methods that enable to monitor growth dynamics of plants non-destructively and environmental responses in real time. This provides another underlying pillars to support precision progeny selections.
1
Discussion on Selection Method of Maize Inbred Lines

LI Zi-xue, SHAO Lian-cun

Abstract: (2181) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10943)

Abstract:

Breeding procedure had been used in maize breeding for many years, we improved on breeding procedure for selection breeding new well maize variety rapidly, with improved pedigree method used to adapt new aim of maize breeding, that improved breeding probability distinctly, reduced troubles of pedigree method, retrenched labor time and infield.
1
General Situation and Development Direction of Sweet Corn Breeding in China

HU Jian-guang; LI Yu-liang; LIU Jian-hua, WANG Zi-ming

Abstract: (1770) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10919)

Abstract:

我国甜玉米育种虽然起步较晚,但育种水平提高很快,在产量潜力和子粒含糖量等方面已经达到较高水平.由于甜玉米资源相对缺乏、研究力量薄弱和对产量的过分追求,甜玉米的食用品质与国外优良品种差距明显,缺乏耐热、耐寒品种.加强资源引进、创新与人才培养,坚持应用传统育种技术的同时积极吸收现代生物技术的优秀成果,加快品质鉴定技术和相关性状的遗传规律研究,是我国甜玉米育种取得突破的关键。
1
Recent Application of Transgenic Engineering for Drought Resistance Breeding in Maize

WEI Zheng-yi, ZHANG Yu-ying, WANG Yun-peng, XING Shao-chen

Abstract: (2109) HTML (0) PDF (585.93 KKB)(10834)

Abstract:

Drought is a major disaster in agricultural production. It is therefore of remarkable significance to en-hance drought resistance of maize, transgenic technology is an efficient approach to go through. In recent years, many new progresses of drought-resistance breeding in maize have been achieved by introducing foreign genes which encoding osmotic adjustment substances synthases, transcription factors and signal transduction factors. Meanwhile, studies on mechanism in plant drought resistance are having been steadily pushed forwards, regarding chaperonins, detoxifying enzymes, metabolism-related enzymes and transporters. These works not only provide abundant gene resources and genetic materials for drought-resistance research of maize transformation, but also pave the way to breed new drought-resistance varieties of transgenic maize subsequently. The latest advances in this area and proposed new ideas for transgenic maize breeding were summarized, hopefully to offer the beneficial guidance for future research.
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Challenge and Opportunity in Maize Breeding Program

ZHANG Shi-huang1;XU Wei-ping2;LI Ming-shun1;LI Xin-hai1;XU Jia-shun1

Abstract: (4702) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10824)

Abstract:

Domestic demand for maize will increase although the maize supply is plenty enough currently.This is a big challenge to the national maize R & D system,especially for maize breeding programs.Yield gains have been being increased since the introduction and adoption of hybrids,the stress tolerance of modern hybrids has been enhanced during the last 5 decades.Maize breeding efforts were driven by production management of low population density,which caused declines in breeding targets and strategy.Breeding efforts for stress tolerance should be emphasized,and cycling breeding strategy and selection under high population density should be adopted to develop elite inbred and hybrids.
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Series of Research on Establishing DNA Fingerprinting Pool of Chinese New Maize Cultivars Ⅱ. Confirmation of a Set of SSR Core Primer Pairs

ZHAO Jiu-ran; WANG Feng-ge; GUO Jing-lun; CHEN Gang; LIU Long-zhou, LIAO Qin; SUN Shi-xian, CHEN Ru-ming

Abstract: (2757) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10820)

Abstract:

The conception of core primer was defined.60 maize inbred lines were used to screen 158 SSR prime pairs and finally a set of core prime pairs fitting for establishing maize inbred line and hybrid DNA fingerprint pool were confirmed,which were bnlg439,bnlg125,phi053,bnlg197,phi072,bnlg238,phi126,bnlg161,bnlg240 and bnlg619.At the same time a formula for calculating existence probability of maize SSR fingerprint was advanced:P=1/N.for inbred lines,N=n;for hybrids,N=C_n¹+C_n².n is the allele number of the primer pairs.
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Research Progress on the Physiological and Biochemistry Responses of Salt Tolerance and Strategies of Salt Resistance in Maize

ZHANG Hong1, 2, DONG Shu-ting1

Abstract: (2337) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10792)

Abstract:

The advances in three aspects of maize salt tolerance were discussed in this paper, including the effects of salt stress, physiological and biochemical mechanisms on salt tolerance and strategies of salt resistance development in maize. Among them osmoregulation, reject salt and selective absorption of ions, eliminate reactive oxygen species and phytohormone regulation were especially summarized about their roles on adaptation to salt stress in maize. At last, the significance and suggestions for the research were provided.
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Research on Breeding and Application of Maize Inbred Line Ji853

CAI Zhuo, LIU Ying-chun, XU Ming-xue, ZHANG Zhi-qiang

Abstract: (2780) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10789)

Abstract:

Inbred line Ji853 has a significant breakthrough in its yield,quality,resistance and more of important traits.The wide adaptability is better than similar in Huanggai line.The hybrid with group mating has significant advantages in the integrated traits.As of 2007,there were 58 hybrid varieties be bred by 34 breeding units with Ji853 as parent,and were all validated at national.Among them,15 varieties were validated by the state.And the varieties which won the second prize of scientific and technical progress reward or had a greater impact were Jidan180,Jidan209,Jidan261,Jixin205,Tongji100,Kemao518,Jidan342,Jidan517,etc.Jidan180,Jidan209,Jidan261,Chengyu14 respectively as control species in National,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Hebei and other test regions.
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QTL Mapping for Plant-tape Traits in Maize

XU De-lin, CAI Yi-lin, LV Xue-gao, DAI Guo-li, et al.

Abstract: (2310) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10735)

Abstract:

In this paper, 21 QTLs, related to plant height, ear height, stem diameter, tassel branch number, leaf shape coefficient, leaf number, and leaf orientation value were located on the maize linkage map constructed by F2 population of L26 × 095 through SSR genotyping. By using the CIM(composite interval mapping) algorithm, 1 - 5 QTLs were identified for each of the above seven plant-type-related traits. Among the 21 QTLs, qTBN1, qTBN4, qLN1, qLN3 and qLN4 accounted for over 30 percent of the phenotypic variance, indicating a significant characteristics of major genes, and these 21 QTLs distributed uniformly among the 10 maize genomes. Additionally, three QTLs related to ear height(qEH2), plant height(qPH2), and leaf number(qLN2) were all located between bnlg1257 and umc2277, and two QTLs related to tassel branch number(qTBN5) and leaf orientation value(qLOV2) were both located nearby the marker of mmc0001, which indicated that some QTLs controlled related phenotypic traits tended to be clustered together.
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The Discussion on Measurement of Maize Kernel Size

JING Shao-ling, LI Shu-hua, CAI Zhuo, SUN Zhi-chao, DAI Yu-xian, LU Ming, XU Ming-xue

Abstract: (2565) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10692)

Abstract:

The maize kernel size and uniformity is one of important targets of commercial quality. At present the hundred kernel weight were used to reflect kernel size. But it could not measure real kernel volume. By analysis on kernel size of 133 maize varieties had certain planter scale in Jilin province. The results showed that the method of volume measurement can better reflect the maize variety kernel size. The method of volume measurement had three rank standards, small grain had more than 2 000 grain/L, medium grain 1 700 - 2 000 grain/L, big grain below 1 700 grain/L. The kernel size of maize variety were analyzed and classification. The results showed that variety of medium grain was most much, accounted for 60.9%, next was the variety of small grain, but variety of the big grain was the least.
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Pedigree Analysis on Maize Germplasm Origination of Commercial Breeding

SUN Qi, LI Wen-cai, YU Yan-li, ZHAO Meng, LI Wen-lan, MENG Zhao-dong

Abstract: (2952) HTML (0) PDF (835.29 KKB)(10671)

Abstract:

The pedigree evolution map from OPVs to inbred lines and heterosis population was collected and analyzed. Modern commercial maize germplasm pedigree map was made through analysis on origination of inbred lines whose patent expired. The result of pedigree analysis indicated that germplasm base of commercial maize breeding was from OPVs. The Iodent and BSSS germplasm were bred from OPV variety Reid Yellow Dent, OH07 germplasm was derived from Leaming maize; Lancaster germplasm formed from OPV Lancaster sure crop; Oh43 germplasm was selected from Minnisota13, Lancaster sure crop and Reid Yellow Dent. The inbred lines of commercial breeding were divided into female group and male group. The female group included two types: One was BSSS germplasm. Another was new BSSS germplasm integrated Amargo strain. Male group included five populations of Iodent, Lancaster, OH07, OH43 and inbred lines from commercial hybrids.
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Study on Dehydration in Kernel Between Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335

LI Lu-lu, XIE Rui-zhi, FAN Pan-pan, LEI Xiao-peng, WANG Ke-ru, HOU Peng, LI Shao-kun

Abstract: (1848) HTML (0) PDF (1.45 MKB)(10645)

Abstract:

Using Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 which have the largest planting acreagein our country as experimental materials, the dehydration of kernel and related factors was analyzed. The results showed that the moisture content of the kernel and the dehydration rate continuously decreased with the advancing growth process, but two varieties had some significant differences. At physiological maturity stage, the moisture content in the kernel of Zhengdan958 changed from 27.19% to 30.51%, while 24.61%-26.78% for Xianyu335 which was 2.58-3.73 percentage points lower than Zhengdan958. When moisture became stable, the moisture contents in the kernel of Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335 respectively were 21.77% and 16.96%, and Xianyu335 was 4.81 percentage points less than Zhengdan958. Because of the lower dehydration rate than Xianyu335, Zhengdan958 had a higher moisture content of the kernel within the scope of the investigation. Although the correlation analysis showed that changes of moisture content in kernel was significantly positively correlated with bract and cob, while there were no correlation between changes of moisture content in kernel and ear-pedicel, but the difference of moisture content between varieties of bract and ear-pedicel was not significant, and there was distinct difference of moisture content between varieties of cob.
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Advances of Research on Maize Root System Architecture

GUAN Jian-hui; GUO Xin-yu, GUAN Jian-hui; LIU Ke-li

Abstract: (2075) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10614)

Abstract:

The development of maize root system architecture research has been summarized, mainly including the morphological architecture, the growth and distribution of maize root system and effect factors, 3-dimensional visualization for maize root system architecture. The research perspective was also presented.
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Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Plant

WANG Ji-yue, KE Jian-hong

Abstract: (3222) HTML (0) PDF (928.22 KKB)(10551)

Abstract:

Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) in plant is responsible for genome barriers between nuclei and mitochondria. As a powerful tool for genetic breeding, CMS plays an important role in utilization of heterosis. For a long time, the study on the mechanism of CMS is far lagging behind in the use of CMS. The research progress on cytoplasmic male sterility in plant was reviewed in the aspects of chimeric ORF, mitochondrial function defect, PCD and the function of MADS-box gene. This review provided theoretical reference for further studies on the mechanism of CMS.
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Study on Utilization of Tropic and Sub-tropic Maize Germplasm in Northern Early-Mature Spring Maize Breeding

SU Jun, LI Chun-xia, GONG Shi-shen, YAN Shu-qin, et al.

Abstract: (4130) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10433)

Abstract:

Eight inbred lines were selected by introducing tropic maize germplasm into Diangu11A, Hongyumi, Chang3, Mo17, 2 test varieties were selected for each inbred line. Contrast design, three replications. The observed values of agronomic traits of selected lines with tropic and subtropics germplasm and unimproved lines, hybrids of the selected inbred lines and the cross combinations of unimproved lines were taken as a pair of data and analyzed by pairing statistical method, t test. The results showed that the heterosis of hybrids crossed by Diangu11A induced Suwan1, 5-56 and Hongyumi, Hongyumi induced Suwan1, EVT5 and Diangu11A, Chang3 induced Suwan1, Mohuang9 and Hai014 were all higher than the adjacent control groups. The main agronomic traits change of inbred lines induced into tropical germplasm was the delay of growth period. The earlier mature period of induced inbred lines, the longer growth period of relevant new selected inbred lines and crossed hybrids. All the plant yield of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines get improved. The earlier mature period of induced inbred lines, the higher increase yield range of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines than unimproved lines. The northern leaf blight and stalk rot resistance of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines and crossed hybrids had improved widely while the pathogenesis degree of head smut showed difference.
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Study on the N Status Diagnosis Through DigitalImage Analysis Method

LIU Ying1, LI Zhi-hong2

Abstract: (1455) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10427)

Abstract:

Setting up experimental district of different N fertilizer levels, taking colorful photos using digital camera of hat layer before shooting stage, obtaining information from the digital image. At the same time, collecting the sample of plant and soil, then measuring the SPAD readings, plant content of total N, activity of NR and nitrate concentration of stalk basilar, analyzing the relativity of the digital index of image and the other 4 indexes. The digital index of image include the greenness intensity G, the ratio of greenness and redness intensity G/R, the ratio of greenness intensity and redness intensity G/L and greenness intensity G/(G+R+B). The feasibility could prove the relativity of the indexes that had been discussed.
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Breeding Principle and Technical Skill of Fresh Corn Varieties

SHI Zhen-sheng, ZHONG Xue-mei

Abstract: (2217) HTML (0) PDF (948.18 KKB)(10339)

Abstract:

From the perspective of fresh corn variety demand in China, breeding principles of some special fresh corn varieties were expounded from the endosperm, aleurone layer, peel, embryos and other different parts of corn. This paper briefly introduced breeding methods of sweet-waxy corn, purple corn, blue corn, red corn, multicolor corn and green corn, and it was also reported identification technology improvement of fresh corn palatability.
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Advancement of Maize Germplasm Improvement and Relevant Research

ZHANG Shi-huang; TIAN Qing-zhen; LI Xin-hai; LI Ming-shun; XIE Chuan-xiao

Abstract: (2088) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10289)

Abstract:

Scarcity of available germplasm with good quality, stress tolerance, higher combining ability and mega-environment adaptation has been being the bottle-neck in commercial maize breeding program since 1970’s. The genetic vulnerability of maize germplasm used in the development of commercial hybrids has been realized, and germplasm enhancement, improvement and development have been an important activity in maize breeding efforts. This review summarizes the germplasm collection, evaluation, improvement and utilization in CIMMYT and USA maize breeding program. Research progress on genetic diversity, heterotic groups and patterns, theory and technology of population improvement, and nature of heterosis are reviewed. The concepts of heterotic alignments by Hallauer in 2003 extended the utilization of the concepts of heterotic patterns to tropical and sub-tropical germplasm improvement from temperate maize breeding efforts, and established a theorical and methodological foundation for maize geremplasm enhancement, improvement and development. Reciprocal recurrent selection inter populations is the key step to use exotic germplasm and land races in development of hybrids.
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Effects of Heavy Metal Growth, Development and Yield of Maize

LIANG Xuan-he, CAO Tie-hua

Abstract: (1446) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(10274)

Abstract:

The effects of heavy metal on growth and development and yield of maize were summarized. Heavy metal has obvious harmful effects on plants， it is the main influeatial factor on quality security of agriculture products. It can not only decrease soil fertility， but also decrease yield and quality of crops.
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Multiorigins of Initial Infection Sources of Puccinia polysora Causing Southern Rust of Maize in China

WANG Xiao-ming, LIU Jun, GUO Yun-yan, DUAN Can-xing, ZHU Zhen-dong, SUN Su-li, YANG Zhi-huan

Abstract: (2009) HTML (0) PDF (2.64 MKB)(10254)

Abstract:

Southern rust caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. in maize is a major disease and widely distribut-ed in tropical and subtropical regions, and occurred in temperate region. In China, maize southern rust has been recorded in twenty provinces and was a destructive disease which is sudden outbreak in the Huanghuaihai summer maize region. Understanding the occurrence regularity of disease is the basis of disease control. However, it is not clear where are from the pathogen origins of primary infection sources and how the pathogen is transmitted to the maize fields. Based on the biological characters of urediospore, analysis of genetic relationship of 11 geographic populations of P. polysora in China, and correlation analysis of southern rust to tropical cyclones, this study proved there are three origins of primary infection sources of P. polysora causing southern rust in China. P. polysora come from Taiwan, China, is the initial infection source causing the disease in summer maize in Huanghuaihai region, spring maize in Liaoning and maize in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, as well as for spring maize in Guangdong. The pathogen from Philippines is the origin source causing southern rust in Guandong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. The induced disease occurred in Yunnan and Guizhou is caused by the pathogen originated from Thailand and other neighboring countries. The pathogen in Taiwan, China or Philippines was carried by unfixed tropical cyclones in western Pacific to maize growing regions in China, and P. polysora in Yunnan and Guizhou was transmitted from Thailand and other countries by Southwest Monsoon.
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Yield Combining Ability and Heterosis of Maize Inbred Lines Jing724 and Zheng58

ZHANG Ru-yang, SONG Wei, ZHAO Jiu-ran, WANG Ji-dong, SUN Xuan, JI Yu-long

Abstract: (2947) HTML (0) PDF (899.03 KKB)(10222)

Abstract:

Two elite inbred lines Jing724 and Zheng58 and other fourteen testers of Huanggai group were used to create 28 hybrid combinations by NCⅡ genetic designs in the study. The grain yield of these inbred lines and hybrid combinations were all investigated, further the yield combining ability of Jing724 and Zheng58 and heterosis of each hybrid combinations were analyzed. The general combining ability of grain yield of Jing724 and Zheng58 were 7.03 and -7.03, respectively, and the difference was significant. The special combining ability analysis showed that the combination of Jing724/Jing92(Jingke968) reached to 23.71, which was the highest among all the combinations, while that of Zheng58/Chang7-2(Zhengdan958) was lower, indicating that the yield potential and over-standard heterosis of the hybrid combinations crossed by Jing724 was higher than that of Zheng58. Because the yield of parents of Jingke968 were higher than that of Zhengdan958, Jingke968 had better yield than Zhengdan958 although they had similar heterosis index.
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Trends of Grain Yield and Component Factor under Low Nitrogen in Chinese Maize Cultivars from Different Eras

ZHANG Hai-yan, SUN Qi, ZHANG De-gui, SHI Hong-liang, CI Xiao-ke, LI Xin-hai, BAI Li, CHEN Yan, ZHOU Zhi-qiang, DONG Shu-ting, LI Ming-shun

Abstract: (2182) HTML (0) PDF (485.32 KKB)(10215)

Abstract:

Thirty-five maize varieties from 1950 to 2000 were tested.Grain yield,kernel length,kernel diameter,kernels per ear,barren tip length,cob diameter,100 kernel weight were measured under low nitrogen and optimal conditions.The result showed that all traits (except the cob diameter) across decades differed significantly.Maize grain yield,kernel length,kernel diameter,kernels per ear and 100 kernel weight decreased under low nitrogen.Hybrids nitrogen tolerance did not increase obviously.Therefore,the task of maize breeding is to strengthen nitrogen stress pressure in selecting inbred lines,which will establish a foundation for breeding hybrids tolerant to nitrogen.
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Distinction and Relationship of BSSS and Reid in American Maize Germplasm

WU Quan-ming

Abstract: (3091) HTML (0) PDF (432.63 KKB)(10215)

Abstract:

Heterosis population and heterosis utilization model were not permanent. In fact, the procedure of the maize hybrids breeding involved both developing processes of heterosis utilization model and changing processes of heterosis population. According to the development and transformation of American heterosis population, the origin and history importance of the Reid Yellow Dent and BSSS population were analyzed as well as the evolution process of Iodent Reid in American maize breeding history. The results showed that BSSS belonged to the Reid Yellow Dent germplasm. Based on the origin and genetic structure, Iodent Reid also belonged to the Reid Yellow Dent germplasm, but fell into the non-BSSS by the heterosis. It formed another opposite heterosis population of the BSSS and was used into a series of maize commercial breeding.
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Research Development on the Structural Features of Maize Mutator Transposon and Gene Cloning

GAO Zhi-yong

Abstract: (2313) HTML (0) PDF (518.79 KKB)(10198)

Abstract:

Mutator(Mu) is the most active transposon found in the plant by now. The high frequency of transposition and the tendency to insert into low copy sequences of the transposon have made it the primary means by construct the mutant library in maize(Zea mays L). Sequencing of the B73 maize genome has been finished and it is more convenient to study gene function by using the method of reverse genetics.The basic features and classification of Mu transposon and focused on three methods of cloning the flanking sequences of the transposon tagging insertion sites were introduced in this paper. The problems in Mu study was analyzed, and the future work on Mu application was prospected.
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Analysis on the Number of Maize Hybrids Which Approved by the Nation from 2001 to 2012 and the Usage of Base Inbred Lines

SUN Qi, LI Wen-cai, ZHANG Fa-jun, YU Yan-li, ZHANG Qing-wei, DOU Sheng-qiang, MENG Zhao-dong

Abstract: (2042) HTML (0) PDF (350.31 KKB)(10136)

Abstract:

The maize hybrids and their parental lines which approved by the nation from 2001 to 2012 were col-lected. The inbred lines which had been more than two hybrids were counted up and their pedigree resource was an-alyzed. The results showed that the number of approved hybrids in 2006 was most and the second was in 2003. The number of approved hybrids was between 10-20 after year 2007. Thirty-nine inbred lines were the parental lines of more than two hybrids approved. The leading lines were Ji853, Dan598, Lx9801, Chang7-2, Jing2416 and Dan340.
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Heterotic Grouping of Sweet Corn Inbred Lines by SNP Markers

LU Bai-shan, SHI Ya-xing, SONG Wei, XU Li, ZHAO Jiu-ran

Abstract: (2335) HTML (0) PDF (1.74 MKB)(10112)

Abstract:

One thousand and thirty-one Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP) markers were adopted in heterotic grouping of 39 elite sweet corn inbred lines. Polymorphic Information Content(PIC) and Minor Allele Frequncy (MAF) of these SNP markers was 0.290 and 0.275 on average, respectively. Genetic distance between 39 inbred lines ranged from 0.032 to 0.678, with an average value being 0.430. Five groups were divided from the 39 inbred lines by Neighbor-joining(NJ)clustering method which were Huazhen maternal group, Jingtiannuo2 group, Colorful sweet-waxy group, temperate group and Huazhen paternal group. Genetic distance between the groups ranged from 0.394 to 0.445. Huazhen paternal group and Temperate group have the minimum genetic distance being 0.394, while Huazhen paternal and Colorful sweet-waxy group, Temperate group and Colorful sweet-waxy group had the maximum genetic distance being 0.445.
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Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Maize Inbred Lines Based on SNP Markers

WANG Wen-bin, XU Shu-tu, GAO Jie, ZHANG Xing-hua, GUO Dong-wei, LI Xiang-yang, XUE Ji-quan

Abstract: (3102) HTML (0) PDF (1.00 MKB)(10020)

Abstract:

Based on 2 846 SNP markers, the population genetic structure, genetic diversity and genetic relationship between 23 maize inbred lines from Shaan A group and Shaan B group were evaluated with eight elite inbred lines as a control. The results showed that there were 2 482 polymorphism SNP in Shaan A and 2 490 in Shaan B, both of Shaan A and Shaan B had keeping relatively wide genetic basis basing the same standard of choosing; based on the previous research and PCA analysis, inbred lines from shaan A and B populations can be divided into two groups. Inbred lines from Shaan A with four inbred lines(Dan340, Ye478, Zheng58 and PH6WC) belong to one group, and inbred lines from Shaan B population with the other four lines(Mo17, HZS, Chang7 and PH4CV) belong to another group.
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QTL Identification for Test Weight Based on SNP Mapping in Maize

XU Li-wen, DUAN Min-xiao, TIAN Hong-li, SONG Wei, WANG Feng-ge, ZHAO Jiu-ran, LIU Bao-lin, WANG Shou-cai

Abstract: (1499) HTML (0) PDF (1.04 MKB)(10009)

Abstract:

A mapping population consisting of 240 DH lineswas constructed, and significant genotypic variation for maize test weight was observed in 4 environments. Based on the genetic map containing, QTL for maize test weight were detected by composite interval mapping. Five QTLs were identified, and together explained 23.61% of the phenotypic variation. qTw1-1 was detected on chromosome 1, locating in SNP of interval PZE-101032246-SYN13192, qTw9-1 was detected in SNP of interval PZE-109011840-SYN6085 on chromosome 9, with explained 11.9% and 7.8% of the phenotypic variation respectively. The results showed that some key genes for test weight were possibly contained in these regions.
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Allele Mining of a Drought Tolerance Candidate Gene dhn2 and Association Analysis Between dhn2 and Some Phenotypic Traits on Maize

ZHAO Xi1, LIU Cheng2, Yu YongTao1, Shi YunSu1, Shong YanChun1, WANG Tian-yu1, LI Yu1

Abstract: (1464) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9989)

Abstract:

A maize association mapping population including 95 maize inbred lines was used for evaluating sequence diversity and linkage disequilibrium of dhn2, a candidate gene encoding dehydrin protein for drought tolerance in the study. Phenotypes related to drought tolerance were also characterized. A number of alleles of dhn2 were discovered. Association analysis of dhn2 polymorphism and drought tolerance related phenotypes showed that the encoding regions of the gene had high nucleotide diversity and low level LD. Additionally, seven significant associations between polymorphism of dhn2 and some phenotypic traits were identified.
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Genome-wide Analysis of LIM Domain-containing Protein Gene Family in Maize

ZHANG Hai-yan, LI Zuo-tong, ZHAO Chang-jiang, YANG Ke-jun, WANG Yu-feng, HU Xue-wei, ZHAO Ying

Abstract: (2242) HTML (0) PDF (579.16 KKB)(9960)

Abstract:

By bioinformatic analysis, maize LIM genes were isolated and analyzed in those functions in whole-genome scale. A total of 11 maize LIM genes(ZmLIM1 to ZmLIM11) were identified. ZmLIM genes were distributed in all the maize chromosomes except chromosome 7 and 8. Alignment and motif analysis results revealed major maize LIM proteins share two typical conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated LIM family could be divided into three subfamilies. Putative cis-acting regulatory elements involved in specific tissue or organ, phytohormones and stress, the tissue-specific expression elements, especial pollen-specific element, were observed in the promoters of all ZmLIM genes; other elements distribution presented fragmentarily. Expression data of ESTs suggested maize LIM genes had temporal and spatial expression pattern.
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Event-specific Detection of Genetically Modified Maize MON89034 Based onthe Single Tube Nested and Semi-nested PCR

YAN Wei, LI Cong-cong, XIA Wei, SHAO Gai-ge, LI Fei-wu

Abstract: (1006) HTML (0) PDF (1.19 MKB)(9941)

Abstract:

The two sets of event-specific nested PCR primers were designed based on the 5' - and 3'- flanking sequence of the exogenous integrant of GM maize MON89034 respectively, with the aim of developing a drop-in drop-out PCR assay for the event-specific detection of GM maize MON89034, resulting in two amplification fragment of 491 bp and 188 bp in length respectively. This assay has been successfully applied to distinguish GM maize MON89034 from GM maize MON810, MON863, Bt11, Bt176, MON88017, GM roundup ready soybean and GM canola GT73 with high specificity. Sensitivity test results showed that the relative limit of detection of this method reaches 0.01%, equivalent to the absolute sensitivity of 4 copies of haploid genome, which was 5 times more than conventional PCR. Consequently, the single tube nested and semi-nested PCR assay established in this study can be used to accurately and efficiently detect GM maize MON89034 and its processed products.
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Effects of Different Ecological Environments on Some Quantitative Characteristics of Zhengdan958

HUANG Zhi-cheng, YANG Kun, ZHOU Hai-tao, ZHANG Zhe-feng, LI Hua-yong, TANG Hao, CHEN Hai-rong

Abstract: (2164) HTML (0) PDF (1.00 MKB)(9858)

Abstract:

In order to find the variation of quantitative characteristics of maize in different ecological environments through DUS test, a hybrid maize variety Zhengdan958 was selected planted in 7 different locations, did variance analysis, principal components analysis and biplot analysis based on 12 quantitative characteristics. The results of variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference between years in these quantitative characteristics, and there was significant or extremely significant difference between locations. Characteristics Lol and Loh could be used as 'reliable trait' in variety differentiation or description because of their high stability. Zhengdan958 got high values of these characteristics and long growth period in high latitude area. It seemed that the phenotype values became lower with the latitude decreasing. However, the lowest value of Toa, Tos and Wob existed in mid-latitude area such as YL and JN, which meant it started earlier from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Above all, to those characteristics with low stability but high importance like Toa, Tos and so on, it would be better tested in the same ecological area of applicant variety to make sure a real expression.
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Research Progress on the Impact of Maize Tassel on Yield

YUE Yu-lan1, ZHU Min2, YU Lei1, LIU Chun-guang1

Abstract: (1427) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9813)

Abstract:

The morphological structure and physiological function of maize tassel were elaborated， and the impact of tassel on yield was discussed. In addition， the relationship between tassel and insect resistance of plant， tassel and light transmittance in the field as well as its genetic effects and models were also summarized discussed in the paper.
1
A Method of Genomic DNA Extraction of Maize

MU Chun-hua1, ZHANG Fa-jun1, LI Wen-cai1, WANG Lei2, MENG Zhao-dong1, et al.

Abstract: (1732) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9780)

Abstract:

Some molecular technologies including SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat) have been important methods for maize traditional breeding and the process needs analysis of a large individual samples.So the method for DNA extraction with rapid and efficient is essential.In this study,young leaves per plant of high oil maize backcross generation groups 25 - 30 d as the material,the establishment of EDTA,CTAB,KCl as the main reagent,and tissue grinding rod mill in liquid nitrogen as the main steps of the rapid extraction of genomic DNA,discussed the possibility for DNA which be extracted used in SSR marker-assisted selection.
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Study on Maize Planting Technology of Conservation Tillage

CHAGN Xu-hong; ZHAO Guang-cai; LIU Li-hua;YANG Yu-shuang, ZHANG Xin-de

Abstract: (2048) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9775)

Abstract:

Conservation tillage is one of the efficiency tillage forms, which could prevent raising-sand in fields and lighten soil and water loss. the density, sowing time and varieties under conservation tillage treatment was studied in this experiment. The results showed that as plant density increase, maize yield has increasing tendency, but the amplitude was decreased, the lodge rate and bare tip length were increased, the weight of 100-kernel and stem diameter was decreased. The effect of sowing date on maize growth was that neither early nor late sowing date was propitious to gain high yield. In addition, 100-kernel weight and ear length were decreased, bare tip length was increased evidently. The proper varieties should have high yield and its growth duration should be shorten in 130 days and the optimum seeding time should be about April 25th in the farming-pasture zone, eastern part of Inner-Mongolia. The density should be about 60,000 - 65,000 plant/ha. The experiment results could offer theoretic gist about crop high-efficiency cultivation in this area.
1
Application of the Pollen Tube Pathway Method in MaizeGene Engineering Improvements

LI Zhi-liang1, 2, 3, WU Zhong-yi1, HUANG Cong-lin1, et al.

Abstract: (1561) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9766)

Abstract:

Using gene transferring technology on maize for genetic improvement, to nurture the maize varieties of different characters with special quality and different uses, that provides an effective new way for solve the many problems of maize production, and has shown great power and potential. The transformation mechanism of the pollen tube pathway method and its application in gene engineering improvement of maize inbred lines were summarized in this paper, meanwhile, the advantages and the shortages in the gene engineering were simply introduced. The prospects of this method were also discussed．
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Consideration on Maize Breeding of Ground-breaking High-yield Varieties in the Southwest

ZHAN Biao1, CHEN Jie1, 2, TANG Hai-tao1, HE Wen-zhu1

Abstract: (1356) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9708)

Abstract:

Southwest is one of the major maize producing areas in China,but there are few ground-breaking varieties and frequent natural disasters,and per unit area yield and total yield are both insufficient in this region.Therefore,only by breeding to ground-breaking high-yield hybrids adapt to the ecological and producting conditions to popularize,can we rapidly improve the yield in the southwest to meet the needs of economic development for maize.This paper made comprehensive analysis on the main problems of maize breeding,and described the aim of breakthrough in maize breeding and technology development for future.
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Application of ImageJ Analysis Software In Measuring Kernel Size of Maize Seeds

BAI Guang-hong1, 2, ZHANG Yi-rong2, LIU Yi-ju2, LI Jian-sheng2, et al.

Abstract: (995) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9684)

Abstract:

Kernel size is one of the important economically characters of maize and traditional vernier caliper measurement is time-consuming. In this study, a new method was developped to measure seed size by ImageJ software. Totally, 70 maize materials were used and ImageJ method and vernier caliper method were employed to measure seed size, respectively. Relative error for the two methodes were less than 2%. Based on t-test for the data of seed length, widths and thicknesses under the two measurements, t_0.05(138) value are less than 1.977 3, indicating that there was no significant difference between the the two methods. According to correlation analysis, the correlative coefficients of the seed length, widths and thicknesses measured by the two methods were 0.994 2, 0.994 5 and 0.994 5, respectively, reaching to highly significant levels. As compared to the vernier method, the ImageJ method could be more convenience and could be used for measuring not only for maize seeds but also for other crops.
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Effect of Culture System on Maize Root Growth at Seedling Stage

CHEN Xiao-hui1, 2, CAI Hong-guang1, MI Guo-hua1, AN Xia1, TIAN Zi-hua2, CHEN Fan-jun1

Abstract: (1712) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9684)

Abstract:

In the present study, root traits of 7 genotypes were compared under paper roll, solution culture, and sand culture systems under two nitrogen levels, compared the difference in root traits of plants which are cultured in different systems. A huge difference in roots was observed under different culture systems. Under the same N nutrition condition, plants cultured in sand system had large biomass, more seminal and nodal roots, as well as longer seminal and nodal roots in comparison with other two methods. Significant difference in total seminal root length as affected by different N nutrition was only observed under sand system. Meanwhile, significant difference in nodal root number and total nodal root length as affected by N nutrition was only shown in solution culture system. It was suggested that care should be taken when analyzing root data resulted from different culture system. Also, different culture systems should be taken for different purposes in root study.
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Two Maize Populations of Tuxpeno-Reid and Suwan-Lancaster by Reciprocal Recurrent Selection and the Heterosis

CHEN Ze-hui, ZHU Yun-fang, WANG An-gui, GUO Xiang-yang, ZHAO Li, HU Xing

Abstract: (1979) HTML (0) PDF (810.28 KKB)(9645)

Abstract:

Two populations of Tuxpeno-Reid and Suwan-Lancaster were developed from five Reid and four Tuxpeno inbreds, six Suwan inbreds, Mo17 and 78599 by four times random mating respectively. After one cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection, mean yield of Tuxpeno-Reid(C₀)×Suwan-Lancaster(C₀) was increased highly significant from 8.064 kg per plot to 8.696 kg of Tuxpeno-Reid(C₁)×Suwan-Lancaster(C₁), and mid-parent heterosis increased from 9.86% to 16.29%, and genetic distance by SSR between two populations increased slightly.
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Bioinformatic Analysis and Transgenic RNAi Expression Identification of Maize Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Psy2

WU Xiao-jun, XU Li, WANG Shou-cai

Abstract: (2138) HTML (0) PDF (1.55 MKB)(9633)

Abstract:

A candidate gene Psy2 encoding receptor-like kinase was predicted based on the mapping results of maize bacterial brown spot disease. Bioinformatic analysis showed that 57 amino acid differences exist between Psy2 and Psy2 proteins,including the changed position of initiation codon met, an amino acid deletion and 55 amino acid substitutions in Psy2 protein. Psy2 and Psy2 proteins were classified as unstable proteins, had a signal peptide, were secretory protein; Psy2 protein unable to form an effective transmembrane domain(TM), but both were located in the plasma membrane. The genetic evolution of Psy2 proteinsis coincided with the evolution of corresponding species. Therefore, these amino acid changes in Psy2 protein resulted in the abnormal function. The RNA interference expression vector was transformed into the immature embryos of HiⅡA×HiⅡB via particle bombardment, and the expression detection of transgenic plants by qRT-PCR showed that interference effects in the flowering period than seedling in Psy2a-RNAi plants significantly enhanced.
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QTL Mapping of Internodes Length above Upmost Ear in Maize

ZHANG Jun, KU Li-xia, ZHANG Wei-qiang, CHEN Yan-hui, et al.

Abstract: (2295) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9605)

Abstract:

The internodes length above upmost ear is the one of the main factors impacting the canopy structure of maize, analyzing the genetic characteristics is the great significance to improve the structure of groups and the photosynthetic efficiency. In this study, a genetic linkage map containing 212 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers was constructed based on a mapping population consisting of 229 F₂ individuals from the cross between inbred lines Yu82 and Shen137. This SSR linkage map spans a total of 1 943.8 cM with an average interval of 8.76 cM. Quantitative trait loci(QTL) for internodes length above upmost ear were identified in 229 F_2∶3 families. Fourteen QTLs for internodes length were detected which distribute on 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 9 chromosomes, but common QTL were not detected. qThiIL3, qForIL3, qFifIL3 respectively from the third, the forth and the fifth internodes length above upmost ear may be a major QTL which control internodes length. There is a common marker interval to qThiIL3, qForIL3 and qFifIL3. Single QTL contribution to phenotypic variation ranged from 8.89% to 16.36%.
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Response Mechanisms of Maize to Waterlogging Stress

ZHU Min, SHI Zhen-sheng, LI Feng-hai

Abstract: (1700) HTML (0) PDF (1.52 MKB)(9604)

Abstract:

Waterlogging is one of the most important stresses to maize. Waterlogging stress causes gas diffusion limited, leaf membrane lipid peroxidation induced, MDA accumulation promoted, endogenous protective enzyme system damaged, chlorophyll degraded, and photosynthetic rate declined. To adapt to waterlogging, maize develop a series of effective physiological and biochemical mechanisms to keep normal life activity, and show evident changes in growth, morphology and anatomical structure. At the same time, their physiological and biochemical characteristics such as respiration metabolism, photosynthesis, antioxidant system and endogenous hormone of waterlogging resistance species are also changed. The response mechanisms of maize to the waterlogging stress in terms of plant morphology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology were reviewed. These can provide a reference for the research on the waterlogging resistance mechanism of maize and breeding waterlogging resistance hybrid in the future.
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A Review on the Potassium Uptake Mechanism in Higher Plants

LI Wan-liang, LI Shi-qun, ZHANG Ying

Abstract: (1857) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9602)

Abstract:

The paper summed up the advances of potassium uptake mechanism in biochemical molecular fields involved in potassium channel,high-affinity potassium transporter and H⁺-ATPase.The potassium transport in plants correlates respectively to the three types of proteins coded by different potassium transporter family.The review focuses on describing the characteristic of the cloned K⁺ transporters and their possible roles in mediating high and low-affinity K⁺ uptake from the soil as well as how K⁺ acquisition regulated with the different level of K⁺.
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Preliminary Study on Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Mediated Transformation of HAL1 Gene into Shoot Apical Point of Maize

SUN Chuan-bo1, QU Wen-li1, ZHANG Ju-ren2, HAO Dong-yun1, YUAN Ying1, et al.

Abstract: (1781) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9593)

Abstract:

The HAL1 gene was transferred into the shoot apical point of maize inbred line zheng 58 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation to study the feasibility of this system. Nine transgenic plants were obtained after selecting with 300 mg/L Basta and 6 of them were confirmed positive by PCR amplification. The frequency of transformation reached about 8.57%. The study showed that the foreign gene has integrated into maize genome and the shoot apical point of maize as receipt sporophyte can be used for transformation.
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Quantitative Genetic Research of Leaf Traits above the Uppermost Ear in Maize under Different Density Treatments

LIANG Qian-jin, WANG Hui, WANG Hong-wu, HU Xiao-jiao, LI Kun, WU Yu-jin, LIU Zhi-fang, HUANG Chang-ling

Abstract: (1703) HTML (0) PDF (1.10 MKB)(9591)

Abstract:

Utilizing three generations, male parent Zheng58(P₁), female parent HD568(P₂) and the RIL population derived from the ZD909 hybrid, to study the genetic characters of different density treatments of leaf traits above the uppermost ear. The result showed that the environmental factor had a significant effect on the leaf traits, the density treatments presented some regularities inleaf traits, and the leaf traits had relatively high broad-sense heritability. The research with joint segregation analysis of the three generations found the leaf area above the uppermost ear in two environments under medium and high density treatments both fitted the genetic model E-9, however the low density genetic model in environmentⅠwas the E-9 and in environmentⅡwas F-1. And the result showed that the leaf area above the uppermost ear was controlled by the two inhibited main genes and polygenes additive interaction model, it would be affected by the density difference, and the two model in different situation both played an important role in guidance on plant architecture breeding in maize.
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Enlightenment of Maize Breeding from Pioneer USA

FENG Guang1, 2, LI Yan-yan2, XING Jin-feng3, HUANG Chang-ling1

Abstract: (1847) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9569)

Abstract:

This paper analyzed that how to make use of heterosis,breeding method and germplasm resources by the achievement of pioneer USA,and also discussed the main measures of maize breeding in the future.
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Analysis on Recent Situation of Chinese Maize Variety Popularization and Its Revelation to Variety Management

WANG Feng-ge1, WU Wen-yan1, YANG Guo-hang1, ZHAO Jiu-ran1, SUN Shi-xian2

Abstract: (1338) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9566)

Abstract:

With the statistical data of national maize variety popularization from 2003 to 2007, maize plant area of different provinces, maize variety popularization of different provinces and popularization tendency of different maize varieties were analyzed. It would provide important guidance to monitoring germ character during popularization of maize variety, collection of maize standard sample and construction of maize standard DNA fingerprint database.
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The Preliminary Study on Resistant Identification of 19 Main Inbred Lines on Five Kinds of Corn Diseases

XUE Chun-sheng1, JIANG Xiao-ying1, GAO Ying1, XUE Yu-mei2, SHI Lei3, TENG Tao2

Abstract: (1472) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9528)

Abstract:

Nineteen corn inbred were inoculated respectively with Curvularia lunata, Rhizoctonia solani, Ustilago maydis, Sporisorium reilianum, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium moniliforme. The results showed that among them 4 inbred lines were highly resistant curvularia leaf, 1 inbred line was highly resistant sheath blight, 12 inbred lines were highly resistant stalk rot, 8 inbred lines were highly resistant smut, 3 inbred lines were highly resistant head smut.
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Differentiation of Leaf Primordium in Maize Regulated by Exogenous Auxin

MA Qing, CHENG Ying, XIANG Yan, ZHU Su-wen, CHENG Bei-jiu

Abstract: (1465) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 ByteKB)(9519)

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The 12-days immature embryos of 2 maize (zea mays) inbred lines with decussate phyllotaxy,8701D and H4D,were cultured on media with different contents of NAA to produce calluses,which were further subcultured twice on the same media.Type II calli were established on the regeneration mediums with different contents NAA to induce sprout formation.Sprouts in shoot tips were peeled off under a dissecting microscope and the images of the phyllotatic patterns of leaf primordium were taken by scanning electron microscope.The 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),zeatin riboside group(ZRs),dehydro zeatin riboside group(DHZRs),isopentenyladenosine group(iPAs),napthalene acetic acid(NAA),and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents were detected by the ELISA method.Two phyllotactic patterns,namely decussate and alternate were observed in the leaf priordium.In H4D plants with decussate phyllotaxy,exogenous NAA application could induce a change in phyllotaxy in SAMs from opposite to alternate.The proportions of the two phyllotaxy patterns were different for different treatments.High NAA contents and early treatment could lead to high proportions of shoots with alternate pattern.The CTK/AUX ratio in SAMs with alternate leaf primordium was lower than that in SAMs with decussate leaf primordium.NAA did not induce changes in the endogenous production levels of IAA.The comeback of CTK/AUX ratio in tissue culturing immature breeding with the comedown of exogenous hormone application could induce the leaf primordium of them come back to the original phyllotactic patterns.The CTK/AUX ratio is the determinative factor that regulates the differentiation of maize leaf primordium.
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Selection Experiment of High Spontaneous Male-Fertility-Restorer Frequency Maize Population

CAI Zhuo, XU Guo-liang, REN Jun, DAI Yu-xian, YU Ming-yan, LI Shu-hua, LIU Xiao-dan, GUO Qi, WANG Li-na, ZHANG Ming-tang

Abstract: (2049) HTML (0) PDF (1.02 MKB)(9490)

Abstract:

Use DH lines from Xianyu335 as source materials for haploid induction in the recurrent selection scheme, the spontaneous doubling rate of the haploid tassels had significantly increased in the next cycle and showed a cumulative genetic effect, and through using DH recurrent selection technique, the doubling rate of the haploid tassels can be doubled. It proved that performing continuous recurrent selection, the genetic makeup of the haploids had been enriched for spontaneous doubling restoration. Using hybrids between DH lines from two cycles haploid selection as source materials for haploid induction, the haploid tassel doubling rate had reached 85.15% and haploid ears showed seed set had reached 66.18%, representing a rate increase of 6.99 folds and 9.86 folds of its original source population Xianyu335. Also, because the DH lines had been selected from two cycles haploids or whole genome gamete selection, it was effectively eliminated many deleterious and bad genes, and also cumulatively combined many superior genes for agronomy and plant growth vigor. These new DHs can be directly used as parents for germplasm enhancement and new hybrid selection and breeding. The discovery of enrichment or spontaneous doubling restoration of the haploid tassels that were derived from DH recurrent selection technique and create high spontaneous doubling rate source materials showed a significant application value in maize breeding. It showed significant advantages for construct maize two cycle recurrent selection with high haploid spontaneous doubling rate to speed up breeding output.
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Volume 33,2025 Issue 12