以No-Reid优良自交系PH4CV、PHB1M为基础材料，采用DH技术和常规技术方法，经过两轮改良，育成4个改良系，以4个改良系及PH4CV、PHB1M为父本，5个Reid优良自交系为母本，作5×6不完全双列杂交，设置3个密度梯度，研究单株产量的遗传增益、杂种优势及配合力。结果表明，第二轮改良系J1881，在3个密度下单株产量遗传增益高于原基础系和第一轮改良自交系；第一轮改良系J9D207、J1577遗传增益高于原始基础系。3种密度梯度下，4个改良系与Reid自交系单株产量杂种优势普遍存在，杂种优势最高的组合为J1590×J9D207、J1590×J1881。3个密度下，第二轮改良系J1881均有较高一般配合力，稳产性较好。

Using two elite inbred lines in No-reid maize group, PH4CV and PHB1M, we developed four improved lines by double haploid(DH) and traditional hybridization techniques after two cycles of genetic improvement. The first and the second cycle obtained J9D207 and J1577, J1881 and J1633 improved lines, respectively. In 2015, with four improved lines and PH4CV and PHB1M as male parents and other five Reid inbred lines as female parents, we made 30 hybrid combinations in a 5×6 incomplete diallel cross design. The yield of these combinations and their parents were evaluated in 2016 with randomized block experimental design and three repetitions. Three densities(60 000 plants/hm², 75 000 plants/hm² and 90 000 plants/hm²) were set. The yield genetic gain of individual plant of J1881 was the highest among all the tested inbred lines. The yield genetic gains of J9D207 and J1577 were higher than that of original inbred lines. Under three densities, yield heterosis were generally observed between four improved inbred lines and five Reid inbred lines, and the combinations of J1590×J9D207 and J1590×J1881 showed the strongest hybrid vigor.

S513.035.1

国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0101102-3）、吉林省科技发展计划项目（20160204001NY）