作为世界上最重要的作物之一，现代玉米育种所取得的成功得益于杂交育种，而杂交育种的发展离不开优良自交系的选育。单倍体诱导（HI）及双单倍体（DH）技术为加快玉米自交系的选育起到了至关重要的作用。DH育种是改良作物和整合新基因以选育出满足不同育种需求的有效方法，并已逐步实现规模化、工厂化生产。自1959年Coe发现玉米单倍体诱导自然突变体以来，单倍体诱导率（HIR）已从最初的2-3%逐渐上升至超过10%。虽然针对HI基因克隆及诱导机制开展了大量的研究，先后发现了多个QTL诱导位点，克隆了4个重要的HI基因，并在诱导机制方面取得了较大突破，但许多关于HI的谜团仍然存在，依然制约着HI技术在玉米及其它重要作物育种中的应用。本文回顾了HI主效QTL的挖掘及关键基因克隆，综述了HI分子机制的研究进展，旨在为HI在玉米育种特别是跨作物育种中的应用提供理论参考。

As one of the most important crops in the world, the success of modern maize breeding is attributed to hybrid breeding, and the development of hybrid breeding cannot be separated from the selection of excellent inbred lines. The haploid induction technique (HI) and double haploid technique (DH) have played a crucial role in accelerating the breeding of maize inbred lines. DH breeding is an effective method for improving crops and integrating new genes to meet different breeding needs, and has gradually achieved large-scale and industrialized production. Since Coe identified a spontaneous mutant (named Stock6) in maize in 1959, the induction rate has gradually increased from the initial 2-3% to over 10%. Although extensive research has been conducted on the cloning and induction mechanism of HI genes, multiple QTL induction sites have been identified, four important HI genes have been cloned, and significant breakthroughs have been made in the induction mechanism. However, many mysteries about HI still exist, which restrict its application in maize and other important crop breeding. This article reviews the mining of HI major QTL and the cloning of key genes, summarizes the research progress of HI molecular mechanisms, and aims to provide theoretical reference for the application of HI in maize breeding, especially cross crop breeding.

河南省科技攻关计划项目“基于QTL-seq的玉米穗行数QTL定位与分析”（222102110475）