以郑单958为材料, 分析不施氮(N0)、施纯氮103.5 kg/hm²(N1)、207 kg/hm²(N2)、310.5 kg/hm²(N3)对玉米子粒淀粉粒形态及分布特征的影响。结果表明, 不同处理玉米子粒淀粉粒直径分布均为三峰曲线。>2 μm淀粉粒的直径百分比最大(96%～97%), 淀粉粒直径均值为N2>N3>N0>N1处理。各处理淀粉粒直径下限均值为0.375 μm;淀粉粒直径上限均值为N2>N0>N3>N1处理。由透射电镜扫描图得知, 第一层细胞质体大小及淀粉粒数量说明其细胞发育进程N0N1> N2>N3;第三层细胞均为长条形, 各处理含皱褶淀粉粒均已出现, 淀粉粒发育进程N1>N0>N2>N3;深层细胞淀粉粒均有褶皱, 说明其发育早于第三层细胞。淀粉粒发育由内而外, 氮肥可以调节胚乳淀粉粒分布及淀粉粒发育速度。

Zhengdan958 was used to study the starch granule size distribution and transmission electron microscopy showing the starch granule arrangement in grains of different endosperm application nitrogen by laser diffraction grain size analyzer, transmission electron and scanning electron. The result showed that distribution of starch granules volume of grain in the different was triple humped curve. The proportion of volume of diameter higher than 15 μm was the most(96%-97%). The average diameter of volume showed the following regulations: N2>N3>N0>N1. Lower limit of starch granules diameter was 0.375 μm; upper limit of starch granules diameter showed the following regulations: N2>N0>N3>N1. The size of plastid and the number of starch granules illuminated development of the first layer endosperm cell by transmission electron microscopy: N0N1>N2>N3. Drape starch granules were detected in the third layer endosperm cell of different treatment, which illuminated development of the third layer endosperm cell was earlier than the second cell. The drape starch granules showing development of the third layer endosperm cell: N1>N0>N2>N3. Drape starch granules were detected in the deep layer endosperm cell of different treatment, which illuminated development of the deep layer endosperm cell was earlier than the third cell. In brief, the starch was accumulated from the inside to outside of the maize endosperm. And starch granule development and the starch granule size distribution in maize could be regulated by application nitrogen.

国家自然科学基金(31171497, 30871476);玉米现代产业技术体系(nyhyzx07-003);国家重大基础研究(2011CB100105)