玉米单倍体加倍是DH育种中的关键技术环节之一，玉米单倍体雄穗自然加倍能力较低，限制了DH育种技术在商业育种中的大规模推广，对玉米雄穗自然加倍遗传特性的研究将有助于DH技术在育种中的进一步应用。本研究通过对多个不同遗传背景的单倍体雄穗自然加倍能力进行严格统计和差异比较，结果表明，单倍体雄穗育性恢复主要受核基因的控制，不受细胞质基因的调控。诱导率对单倍体雄穗自然加倍能力没有显著影响，自交系来源的DH₁经过诱导后的单倍体由于基因型没有变化，其自然加倍能力与自交系相比没有显著提高。

Haploid spontaneous doubling in maize is one of the key technological steps in DH breeding, however, average rate of male fertility is very low, which limits the broadly commercial application of DH technology. Therefore, so genetic study of maize haploid spontaneous doubling could facilitate further application of DH technology in crop breeding procedure. In this study, haploids with different genetic background were investigated with their male fertility and compared with each other, the result showed that haploid spontaneous doubling of male fertility is mainly controlled by genes in nucleus, but not genes in the cytoplasm; the haploid induction rate has little effect on haploid male fertility. There is also no significant difference of haploid spontaneous doubling between haploids from DH₁ and their corresponded inbred because of unchangeable genotypes.

国家自然科学基金（31560392）、现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-02-09）、“十三五”国家重点研发计划“玉米杂种优势利用技术与强优势杂交种创制”