玉米的杂交不亲和性是受单基因控制的,为配子体控制型,该基因位于玉米的第四染色体上.配子体基因可导致与其连锁的基因发生偏分离现象.大多数爆裂玉米为Galgal基因型,而北美马齿玉米和硬粒玉米为galgal基因型.在玉米属中存在两个杂交不亲和基因系统:Gal和Gat系统.Gal和Gat是独立起作用的,它们之间是相互不亲和的,但并非绝对的不亲和,而是表现出较弱的不亲和性.Gal表现为部分显性,而Gat具有中等强度的杂交不亲和性.在玉米属中,既存在完全的杂交不亲和性,也存在程度不同的部分不亲和性.自然群体中,Ga基因具有生殖隔离作用.带有Ga基因的玉米,可使其它材料授粉结实,而其它玉米的花粉却不能使它正常结实,除非带有相同的显性基因;这种杂交不亲和性具有遗传隔离和防杂保纯的作用,可避免外来花粉的污染,保证种子纯度和发挥杂种优势。

Cross incompatibility in Zea mays is controlled gametopbytieally by a single gene The gametophyte gene is located on chromosome 4 in maize. The phenomenon of distorting segregation was observed on genes linkedto Ga gene. Most popcorns proved to be GM GM genotypes The North American dents and flints were g8l g8lgenotypes There exist two cross-incompatible systems in Zea mays genus：GM and Gat. The GM and Gat systemsfunctions are individual. They are reciprocally incompatible，but not absolutely Cross incompatibility between Caland Gat systems is weak in a certain range. The GM allele is partially dominant to g8l，whereas the Gat allele has amoderately strong cross-incompatibility There exist complete cross-incompatibility and also partial incompatibilityin Zea mays The Ga allele serves as an isolating mechanism in a wild population. A carder of Ga gene can pollinateany other corn，but can be only pollinated by a carrier of the sallle dominant allele. The cross-ncompatibility has thefunction of genetic isolation and keeping purity，exploiting hybrid heterosis and can be well used in protecting thevariety-specialty-from the other pollen.

本研究由辽宁省教育厅重点科研项目(2021401151)和渤大科研基金(BJ2004001)资助