以紧凑型玉米新品种内单314为材料，通过超高产栽培和普通高产栽培的比较，对超高产玉米的冠层结构和叶片光合特点进行了研究。结果表明：①超高产栽培条件下，内单314最大LAI(叶面积指数)达6.95，其全生育期内LAI维持在6以上的时间在40 d以上；全生育期总LAD(光合势)比普通高产群体高74.85万m²/(d·hm²)。②与普通高产玉米相比，超高产玉米群体内个体空间分布更加合理，叶片功能期延长，株型更加紧凑。超高产群体冠层截获的PAR(光合有效辐射)比普通高产群体高25 μmol/(m²·s)，且超高产群体中散射PAR占入射PAR的比例高于普通高产群体，群体内光分布较为合理，提高了光能利用率。③与普通高产群体相比，超高产栽培条件下玉米叶片的Pn(光合速率)和WUE(水分利用效率)高，而Tr(蒸腾速率)较低，植株穗位及穗位上部叶片的Pn和WUE高于普通高产栽培，而穗位下部叶片无明显差异。

A new compact maize hybrid named ND314 was used in this experiment. This article did a research on the canopy structure and the photosynthesis characteristics of super-high yield maize through a comparison between super-high yield cultivation and common high yield cultivation. The results of this research indicated that the maximum LAI of ND314 under super-high yield cultivation reached 6.95 and the period that was higher than 6 was more than 40 days. The total LAD of the whole life of super-high yield colony was higher than common high yield cultivation by 7.49×105 m²/(d·hm²). Comparing with common high yield maize, the functional period of leaves of super-high yield maize was longer and the plant type was more compact. The PAR intercepted by canopy of super-high yield colony was higher than common high yield colony by 25 μmol/(m²·s), and the beam fraction of super-high yield colony was higher than common high yield colony. So light distribution in super-high yield colony was more reasonable and the solar energy utilization efficiency was heightened. The photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency of leaves of super-high yield maize were higher than common high yield maize but transpiration rate, and the photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency of the leaves above the ear of super-high yield plants was higher than common high yield plants, but this difference was not obvious under the ear.

国家自然科学基金项目(30660083)、内蒙古自然科学基金项目(20040802 0302)、北京农业育种基础研究创新平台项目