利用田间微区方法连续3年在沈阳地区草甸土研究玉米秸秆粉碎后直接还田对土壤基本理化性质的影响。结果表明，施用有机物料不仅能够改善土壤的理化性质、培肥地力，还能增加玉米产量，增产效果没有无机肥的增产效果显著。与单施无机肥相比，无机肥配施有机物料能够增加土壤有机质含量，降低土壤容重，提高土壤田间持水量和土壤孔隙度，同时改善土壤的氮、磷、钾养分状况。在等碳量的条件下，玉米秸秆对保持和提高土壤有机质含量的效果好于猪粪肥。

A continuous three-year field micro-plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of application of smashed maize straw on soil physical characteristics and yield on meadow soil in Shenyang. The results showed that organic material mainly improved the soil physical and chemical characteristics and eventuated in enhancing soil fertility. While inorganic fertilizer produced a more significant increase than the organic material in the maize yield. A combination of chemical fertilizers and organic materials increased soil organic matter content, field capacity, capillary porosity and decreased soil bulk density. Meanwhile，the soil nutrient status of N，P and K were improved, compared to organic fertilizer treatment alone. For maintaining and increasing soil organic matter, maize straw was better than pig manure with equal carbon content.

国家科技攻关项目(2004BA520A01-4)