分析了陕西玉米育种的现状和存在的问题。种质创新能力不足、育种技术、育种方法、抗逆性育种重视不够是目前品种的现实产量潜力不大、品种适应性和抗逆性不强的主要原因。提出了组织协同攻关、调整育种目标、提高适应性，加强种质扩增、改良和创新，强化和改进育种选择方式，重视基础理论研究、推进新技术应用，密切玉米育种和栽培的合作等对策。玉米育种思路以增强玉米品种适应农业资源(水分、土壤等)的约束和玉米高产优质为目标，以本土化的种质为基础，构建杂种优势群为核心，强化逆境人工选择、采用密植育种策略，探索"高配合力(杂种优势)＋株型(结构、生理)＋广适(生态)"的玉米生理生态育种技术。

Through analyzing current status of maize breeding in Shaanxi province, the results indicated that poor germplasms innovation ability, weakened breeding technique and less attention on stress tolerance were the main problems of maize breeding, which chiefly caused insufficiently potential of realized yield, adaptability and stress tolerance of current varieties. Countermeasures such as cooperating effort, adjusting breeding objectives, increasing well-adaptation, enhancing germplasms, intensifying methodology of use, stressing basic theory research, clasping breeding practice with cultivation technology, integrating new knowledge(crop physiology, biotechnology) into maize breeding were put forward. Maize genetic improvement in the further should require increasing the adaptation of maize varieties associated with limited agriculture resources(water, soil) and good quality & high yield as the breeding objectives, basing on aboriginal germplasms(nature and artificial selection to local adaptation) for establishing the heterotic groups and patterns, using high plant density breeding strategy and emphasizing artificial selection to adapting to stress tolerance. Exploring the maize physiological ecological breeding technology of high combing ability(heterosis), plant type(structure, physiology), widely adaptation(ecology).

陕西省重大科技专项(2006KZ06-G3)和西北农林科技大学育种专项(05Y2010-2)