随着功能基因组时代的到来，转录组测序技术快速发展且应用相对广泛。玉米基因组测序的完成，有力地推动着玉米转录组结构的注释和功能的深入解析。简述玉米基因组研究概况以及GS FLX、Solexa GA Ⅱx、SOLiD等测序技术的发展，回顾转录组测序技术在玉米新基因挖掘、分子标记开发、代谢网络、分子进化、miRNAs等相关研究领域上的应用，为玉米复杂农艺性状的分子机制、不同发育阶段基因表达调控网络乃至分子设计育种等工作的深入研究提供参考。

With the development of functional genomics, the transcriptome sequencing has a rapid development and a wide application. Maize genome sequencing is completed, which has strongly promoted to the maize transcriptome structure annotation and functional probing analysis. The maize genome research and the developing of sequencing technology such as GS FLX, Solexa GA Ⅱx, SOLiD were summarized, and the application of transcriptome sequencing technology in maize about new genes mining, development of molecular markers, metabolic networks, molecular evolution, miRNAs and other related research fields were reviewed, trying to provide a beneficial reference in maize of further research into the molecular mechanism of complex agronomic traits, gene expression regulatory network in different developmental stages and even the molecular design breeding.

河南省现代玉米产业技术体系项目（Z-2010-2-4）；河南省重点科技攻关项目“高产稳产抗病玉米新品种选育研究”（092102110085）