采用田间试验方法,将玉米秸秆切段、粗粉碎、细粉碎、细粉碎后压粒和细粉碎后氨化处理,研究玉米秸秆深施还田对土壤水分转移及产量的影响。结果表明,秸秆粉碎程度越细,吸水能力越强,深施后土壤渗水速度越快;粉碎的秸秆较其他处理更能促进土壤水分竖直方向转移;各处理的蓄水能力表现为粉碎状秸秆处理>段状秸秆处理>CK(不施秸秆),且细粉碎、细粉碎后氨化处理在还田初期就能呈现出明显的蓄水效果;秸秆粉碎状态越细,深施后土壤容重减小的速度和幅度越大,细粉碎处理和细粉碎后氨化处理能在还田初期对减小土壤容重产生明显作用,播种后25 d,土壤容重减小幅度最大,分别达0.052和0.045 g/cm³;秸秆深施还田有效提高玉米产量,产量排序为细粉碎>细粉碎后氨化处理>粗粉碎>细粉碎后压粒>秸秆切段>CK(不施秸秆),其中细粉碎处理对玉米产量的增加影响最明显。

By field plot contrastive experiments to study the effect of deep-buried maize stalks on soil moisture transfer and maize yield, maize stalks were deeply buried in the soil after being cut into sections(D), roughly smashed (C), finely smashed(X), compressed(Y) and ammoniated(AX). The results showed that the more finely stalks were grinded, the stronger water absorbing capacity and soil water penetration rate were more. And the smashed stalks could more easily promote soil water transfer vertically. The capacities of storing water were smashed stalks > colum-nar > CK. X as well as AX presented evident storing ability at the beginning. The finer the stalks were smashed, the faster and wider range the soil bulk density decreased. And the smashed stalks(X) and ammoniated stalks(AX) gen-erated obvious result on decreasing soil bulk density at the start, respectively decreasing by 0.052 and 0.045 g/cm³ after 25 d seeding. The deep returning to the field of maize stalks can improve the maize yield effectively. The order of different treatments were X>AX>C>Y>D>CK. X contributed the most on maize yield increase higher than CK.

国家自然科学基金项目(51175354)、国家“973”项目(2011CB10053)