摘要：鲜食玉米果穗顶部秃尖严重影响果穗的商品品质和经济价值。为筛选果穗无秃尖性状种质资源，本研究在南通和三亚两个环境下对84份鲜食糯玉米自交系果穗秃尖长度进行鉴定和评价。结果表明，秃尖长度在不同地点、自交系间和地点×自交系均存在显著差异，所测鲜食糯玉米自交系果穗秃尖长度表现出丰富的遗传多样性。在南通和三亚两个环境，筛选到无秃尖性状的优异自交系个数分别为14和16个，两个环境下均无秃尖性状的自交系共9个，分别为LBN2586、L8F、HZHW-1、J2FBSY、TZP、N7-2、L1M、ZBN1·W361和H366。基于SNP标记基因频率的系统聚类将84份自交系划分为3个类群，其中类群I（T5为代表的通系5类群）果穗秃尖最短，在三亚和南通分别为0.60和0.65cm，是开展鲜食糯玉米品种选育和遗传改良的重要种质类群。秃尖性状配合力分析发现，自交系LBN2586和JS0581秃尖长度一般配合力（GCA）效应值分别达到-27.5和-19.7，其秃尖长度特殊配合力（SCA）负向效应组合较多（4个），利用这两个自交系易获得果穗秃尖长度较短的杂交后代。

Abstract: Ear tip-barrenness (ETB) is one of important traits, which adversely effects on ear quality of commodity and economic value for waxy maize. In order to find inbred lines with none or shorter ETB, the length of ETB of 84 waxy maize were evaluated in Sanya (SY) and Nantong (NT). The results showed that significant differences were observed in different locations, inbred lines and their interactions. The ETB showed abundant genetic diversity in the tested inbred lines in both locations. 14 and 16 inbred lines with none ETB were identified in SY and NT respectively, and 9 lines were detected with none ETB in both locations, including LBN2586, L8F, HZHW-1, J2FBSY, TZP, N7-2, L1M, ZBN1·W361 and H366. All tested lines were clustered into 3 types based on the allele frequency of SNP markers. Type I, derived from T5, presented best ear appearance with length of ETB only 0.60 and 0.65cm in SY and NT, respectively. The inbred lines with none or shorter ETB identified in this study could provide a reference for breeding waxy maize with excellent ear appearance. The results of analysis on combining ability showed that GCA effect of LBN2581 and JS0581 were -27.5 and -19.7 respectively, and the number of negative SCA effect combination was 4, which suggested that it is easy to have good ear appearance combinations without ETB using the two inbred lines.

南通市基础科学研究项目（JC2019149）；江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所青年科技基金（YJ2019002）；江苏省重点研发项目（BE2018325）；江苏省六大人才高峰项目（NY-138；NY-165）; 江苏特粮特经产业技术体系海门推广示范基地项目；江苏省重点研发专项资金（现代农业）项目（BE2019406）