以玉米杂交种郑单958和登海605为材料，在大田设置常温和高温处理。通过转录组测序分析玉米营养生长期叶片受热胁迫后基因差异表达、基因功能富集和KEGG通路富集情况；使用微量法和HPLC法分析叶片中相关生化指标的变化情况。结果表明：高温胁迫会降低光合作用关键酶二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶（Rubisco）和三羧酸循环限速酶柠檬酸合酶（CS）的活力；升高丙二醛（MDA）、脱落酸（ABA）和赤霉素（GA3）的含量，降低水杨酸（SA）的含量。与对照比，玉米营养生长期叶片受热胁迫后，两个品种四个比较组合累计检测到16996个差异表达的基因，四个比较组合共同差异表达的基因有1160个。其中，光合作用、细胞代谢、叶绿体膜和质体膜等相关基因的表达会响应热胁迫。

Maize hybrids Zhengdan958 and Denghai605 were used as experimental materials in this study. A normal temperature and continuous heat treatments were set in the field. The gene differential expression, gene function enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment in maize leaves after heat treatment were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The changes of related biochemical substances in leaves were analyzed by micro or HPLC methods. The results showed that heat stress could reduce the key enzyme activities of photosynthesis and cell metabolism, such as Rubisco and CS, it could increase the content of MDA, ABA, and GA3 in maize leaves, and reduce the content of SA. Compared with the control groups, the expression of many genes was up or down-regulated after continuous heat treatment. 16996 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in four comparison combinations of two varieties, among which 1160 DEGs were co-detected. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the expression of genes would respond to heat stress, such as genes related to photosynthesis, cell metabolism, chloroplast membrane and plastid membrane.

国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300304)、国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-19)。联系方式：陈 岩(1986-),四川西昌人,博士,研究方向为玉米耐高温遗传生理、玉米耕作与栽培。E-mail: chenyhj@126.com。刘永红和杨 勤为本文通讯作者。刘永红E- mail: 13908189593@163.com；杨勤E-mail: yangqin0405@126.com。