玉米直链淀粉是重要的食品和工业原料，高直链淀粉性状的产生受多种酶和基因-环境等因素的共同影响。玉米ae(amylose extender)基因突变导致籽粒中直链淀粉含量增高、籽粒表面皱缩、淀粉颗粒呈不规则形状、尺寸不均匀且表面基质蛋白增多；用于玉米育种后获得的品种直链淀粉含量升高，但产量显著降低。本文通过将显性Ae突变体与16份优质玉米自交系杂交，对F1代植株进行开花期、株型、产量性状的调查，分析了F1代籽粒总淀粉、直链淀粉的含量。Ae突变体与不同的自交系杂交，F1代直链淀粉含量及产量的变化存在明显差异，这与基因型有密切关系，其中以Ae突变体和W16F41或CA240为亲本杂交，可显著提高直链淀粉含量同时产量变化最小。本研究推测根据F1代表现筛选直链淀粉含量提高，产量变化较小的双亲配制杂交种，可加速高直链淀粉玉米新品种培育进程。

Amylose of maize is an important food and industrial raw material. The production of high amylose properties is affected by a variety of enzymes and genetic-environmental factors. The ae(amylose extender) mutation gene in maize resulted of increased amylose content in grains, surface shrinkage of grains, irregular shape and uneven size of the starch granule, and increased surface matrix protein. The amylose content increased but the yield decreased significantly after Ae being used in maize breeding. In this paper, the dominant Ae mutant was hybridized with 16 high quality maize inbred lines to investigate the flowering time, plant type and yield trait of the F1 generation plants. The total starch and amylose content of F1 generation grains was further analyzed. The changes of amylose content and yield in F1 generation were significantly different because of the parental lines, which was closely related to genotypes. Among them, crossing the Ae mutant with W16A41 or CA240 can significantly improve amylose content with the smallest change in yield. Through this result, it speculates that we can select parent lines which hybrid has an improvement of amylose content and a relative small effect on yield to accelerate the breeding process of high-amylose maize lines.

国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0101201), 中国农业科学院创新工程“主要农产品品质与营养调控研究”(CAAS-XTCX20190025-2)