通过2年田间定位试验研究不同土壤耕作模式下脲酶/硝化抑制剂配施氮肥对玉米产量、氮素利用、土壤氨挥发特性的影响，以探讨脲酶/硝化抑制剂配施氮肥在黑土区玉米体系中的氨减排及氮素增效效果。本研究设置2种耕作模式：条耕和旋耕，3种氮肥类型：常规尿素、添加脲酶抑制剂（NBPT）尿素和添加硝化抑制剂（DMPP）尿素。结果表明：耕作模式与氮肥类型显著影响玉米产量、氮素利用及土壤氨挥发状况，其中条耕玉米产量和氮素利用率分别为8631 kg/hm2和33.4%，明显低于旋耕（9267 kg/hm2和42.8%），氨挥发总量为20.6 kg/hm2，明显高于旋耕（19.2 kg/hm2）；脲酶/硝化抑制剂配施氮肥的玉米产量和氮素利用率分别为10737 kg/hm2和46.0%，较常规尿素相分别提高25.6%和23.6%，土壤氨挥发累积量为18.6 kg/hm2，明显低于常规尿素（30.4 kg/hm2）。抑制剂类型显著影响土壤氨排放，添加脲酶抑制剂尿素为17.3 kg/hm2，明显低于添加硝化抑制剂尿素（20.0 kg/hm2）。综上，相同氮素投入条件下，添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂尿素在土壤条耕和旋耕模式下均可实现增产增效及氨减排效果，而且添加脲酶抑制剂尿素具有较好的氨减排效果。

A 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of urease/nitrification inhibitor combined application of nitrogen fertilizers on maize yield, nitrogen utilization, and soil ammonia volatilization characteristics under different soil tillage modes in order to explore effect of urease/nitrification inhibitor combined application of nitrogen fertilizers on ammonia emission reduction and nitrogen efficiency in maize cropping system in the black soil area. In this study two tillage modes and three types of nitrogen fertilizer were set up: strip tillage and conventional rotary tillage, conventional urea, urea with urease inhibitor (NBPT) and urea with nitrification inhibitor (DMPP). The results showed that tillage mode and nitrogen fertilizer type significantly affected maize yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and soil ammonia volatilization. The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the strip tillage were 8631 k kg/hm2 and 33.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than the rotary tillage (9267 kg/hm2 and 42.8%). The total ammonia volatilization in the strip tillage was 20.6 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than that in the rotary tillage (19.2 kg/hm2). The yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the urease/nitrification inhibitor combined application of nitrogen fertilizers were 10737 kg/hm2 and 46.0%, respectively, which were 25.6% and 23.6% higher than that of conventional urea. The ammonia volatilization accumulation was 18.6 kg/hm2, which was significantly lower than that of conventional urea (30.4 kg/hm2). The type of inhibitor significantly affected the soil ammonia emission, that with urease inhibitor urea was 17.3 kg/hm2, which is significantly lower than that with nitrification inhibitor urea (20.0 kg/hm2). In summary, under the same nitrogen input conditions, add urease/nitrification inhibitor urea can achieve the effect of increasing production, increasing efficiency and reducing ammonia emission in soil strip tillage and rotary tillage modes, and the addition of urease inhibitor urea has a better ammonia emission reduction effect.

国家重点研发计划2017YFD0201801；