2017、2018年在黑龙江省哈尔滨市、绥化市、齐齐哈尔市、佳木斯市、鹤岗市问卷调查516户农户/合作社玉米田除草剂种类、使用方式和使用剂量等。结果表明，农户使用播后苗前土壤封闭处理除草剂种类主要包括乙草胺、莠去津、2，4-滴丁酯和噻吩磺隆；苗后茎叶处理的除草剂种类主要包括烟嘧磺隆、莠去津和硝磺草酮。采用播后苗前土壤封闭处理除草的农户分别为81.6%和52.7%，采用苗后茎叶喷雾处理除草剂的农户分别占53.1%和71.2%，两次用药的农户占34.8%和24.6%。采用播后苗前土壤封闭处理除草，超量使用除草剂的农户达82%以上，其中乙草胺和莠去津超量使用的比例在94%以上。苗后茎叶处理除草剂超量使用的农户数量达79%以上。分析讨论农户超量使用除草剂与除草剂品种选择、杂草抗性、除草方式、用药习惯、施药器械等的关系，为黑龙江省玉米田除草剂减施增效技术效途径挖掘提供科学指导。

Total 516 farmers/cooperatives from Harbin, Suihua, Qiqihar, Jiamusi and Hegang were surveyed by questionnaires on the herbicides, application programs, dosages they used for weeds control in the maize field in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that acetochlor, atrazine, 2,4-D butylate and thifensulfuron-methyl were dominant herbicides for preemergence treatments. Nicosulfuron, atrazine and mesotrione were dominant herbicides for postemergence treatment. In 2017 and 2018, 81.6%and 52.7% of the farmers conducted soil treatment, while 53.1% and 71.2% conducted postemergence treatment, while 34.8% and 24.6% of the farmers applied both pre-and postemergence treatment. Among farmers conducting preemergence treatment, more than 82% of them are used to exceed recommended dosages of the herbicides, especially while using acetochlor and atrazine, it reached over 94%. Among the farmers conducting postemergence treatment, more than 79% of them are used to exceed recommended dosages of the herbicides. We further discuss and expect to scoop out what caused farmer’s over-use of herbicides for weed management, such as weed species, evolution of resistance to herbicides, herbicide application programs, selection of herbicides and dosages, as well as sprayers. This is intended to provide scientific and technical supports for reducing dosage in herbicide application and for enhancing efficiency of herbicide for weed control in corn field in Heilongjiang.

S435.131

国家重点研发计划“北方玉米化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”（2017YFD0201800）