利用主基因+多基因混合遗传多世代联合分析的方法，对玉米自交系K12和A7110组配的正反交组合进行6个世代（P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂、F₂）联合分析。结果表明，茎粗正交组合中的最适模型为D-1模型（1对加性－显性主基因+加性－显性多基因），茎粗的反交组合的最适模型均为E-1模型（2对加性－显性－上位性主基因+加性－显性多基因），茎粗在正交组合中表现出基因的加性效应大于显性效应。反交组合中主基因互作效应较高，正反交组合中，多基因的遗传率大于主基因的遗传率，在B₂、F₂代达到最大值，分别达到78.74%、71.22%。抗推力的正反交组合最适模型为C模型（加性—显性—上位性多基因），正交组合中回交世代多基因遗传率较低，分别为6.22%和19.94%；反交组合中回交世代多基因遗传率较高，分别为68.81%和52.78%。在玉米育种过程中，以多基因遗传为主控制的性状，在遗传率较高的世代进行轮回选择的方法富集目的基因，有利于提高育种效率。

In order to assist the lodging resistance breeding of maize stems and to understand the genetic characteristics of lodging resistance related characters of maize stems, six generations(P₁,P₂,B₁,B₂,F₁,F₂) of reciprocal crosses of K12 and A7110 were analyzed by major gene-polygene mixed inheritance model. The results showed that the optimal model of stem diameter orthogonal combination was D-1 model(one major gene and additive-dominant polygene), and the optimal model of stem diameter reciprocal cross combination was E-1 model(two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects). The most suitable model of thrust resistance combination was C model(additive-dominant epistatic polygenes). The polygenic heritability of backcross generation was 6.22% and 19.94%, respectively, and the polygenic heritability of backcross generation was 68.81% and 52.78% in reverse cross. In the process of maize breeding, according to the characters mainly controlled by polygenic inheritance, the method of recurrent selection in the generation with high heritability can enrich the target genes, which is conducive to improve the breeding efficiency.

国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0300604）、山东省现代农业产业技术体玉米产业创新团队项目（SDAIT-02-01）、山东省农业良种工程项目（2017LZGC005）