通过免耕（MF）、传统旋耕（CK）、深松+旋耕（SS）和深松深施肥+旋耕（SF）4种耕作处理方法，对比研究不同耕作方式对土壤环境、玉米根系分布、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明，SS处理较CK和MF处理能够降低土壤紧实度，在0～40 cm土层，土壤紧实度由9 948.1 kPa降低到909.8 kPa，土壤容重从2.31 g/cm³降到1.28 g/cm³；在41～60 cm土层中，SS处理根系占总根重的23.55%以上，增加农田>30 cm深层土壤中的总根量。玉米产量由高到低依次为SF>SS>CK>MF处理，最大产量2019年为15 517.8 kg/hm²。SS和SF处理比CK处理分别增加净收益20.16%和12.54%，单位产出效益显著高于CK （P<0.05）；MF处理净利润较CK降低了24.93%。研究结果表明，深松耕作可有效打破土壤犁底层，增加深层土壤养分，提高作物产量，增加效益。

Four cultivation methods of mechanical cultivation(CK), no-tillage(MF), subsoiling＋rotary tillage(SS) and subsoiling fertilizing＋rotary tillage(SF) were adopted to determine the effects of different tillage methods on soil environment, soil nutrients, vertical distribution of root dry weigh, maize growth and economic benefit. The results showed, compared with CK and MF treatment, SS breaks the plow pan and increases soil permeability, soil compaction remained almost unchanged and less than 909.8 kPa at 0-40 cm depth in subsoiling fertilizing, whereas that in control plots was significantly higher and up to 9 948.1 kPa at >20 cm depth, and soil bulk density decreases from 2.31 g/cm³ to 1.28 g/cm³. In the 41-60 cm soil layer, deep-till tillage roots accounted for more than 23.55% of the total root weight, increasing the total root amount in the deep soil of the farmland> 30 cm; the maize yield from high to low were in the order of SF>SS>CK>MF, the maximum yield is 14 775.8 kg/ha; SS and SF treatment increase net income by 12.85% and 18.57% respectively compared to CK, and the unit output benefit is significantly higher than CK(P<0.05), the net profit of MF decreased by 24.93% compared with CK.

国家自然科学基金（31471502）、山西省基础研究项目（2013011028-1）