选取河西走廊灌溉玉米典型种植区张掖，连续2年进行农户调查玉米施肥现状及存在问题。结果表明，玉米产量两年平均为12 589 kg/hm²，两年均是中产等级的样本数占总样本数的比例最高。氮肥投入处于偏高（438～584 kg/hm²）和很高（>584 kg/hm²）等级以上的占比为47%（2018年）和76%（2019年），磷肥投入处于偏高（187～250 kg/hm²）和很高（>250 kg/hm²）等级以上的占比为88%（2018年）和38%（2019年），钾肥投入处于偏低（104～208 kg/hm²）和很低（<104 kg/hm²）等级的占比为26%和68%（2019年）；两年平均N 525.3 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 236.3 kg/hm²、K₂O 87.1 kg/hm²，平均N、P₂O₅、K₂O的肥料偏生产力（PFP）分别为25.0、53.5、102.6 kg/kg，远低于全国平均。调研结果表明，河西灌溉玉米氮磷肥施用严重过量，钾肥投入盲目，有机肥不受重视。应通过优化田间管理、选用新型肥料、配施有机肥等措施，有效减少化肥投入，实现玉米绿色可持续生产。

A two-year farmer survey was carried out in Zhangye city, a typical planting area of irrigated maize, in order to understand the situation and problems of fertilization in Hexi Corridor in Gansu province, China. The results showed that on average over two years, the yield of maize was 12589 kg/ha, and the percentage of farmers with the medium yield level was the highest. The proportion of farmers applying nitrogen fertilizer above the high(438-584 kg/ha) and very high(>584 kg/ha) levels was 47%(2018) and 76%(2019), respectively. The proportion of farmers applying phosphate fertilizer at the high(187-250 kg/ha) and high(>250 kg/ha) levels was 88%(2018) and 38%(2019), respectively. The proportion of farmers applying potassium fertilizer at the low(104-208 kg/ha) and very low(<104 kg/ha) levels was 26%(2018) and 68%(2019), respectively. The average fertilizer input over the two years was 525 kg/ha, 236 kg/ha, 87 kg/ha for N, P₂O₅ and K₂O, respectively. The average fertilizer partial productivity(PFP) for N, P₂O₅, and K₂O was 25.7, 55.4, 107.9 kg/kg, respectively, which is much lower than the national average value. These results indicated that the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in irrigated maize in Hexi Corridor was seriously excessive. Potassium fertilizer was blindly applied, and the organic fertilizer was overlooked. The situation may be improved in some ways, such as optimizing field management, new fertilizer application, organic fertilizer application and so on, to achieve sustainable maize production.

国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0201808-02）