摘要：细胞质雄性不育是玉米不育化育种中利用的主要类型，不育系的鉴定和分析对新不育材料的利用具有重要意义。本研究以雄性不育系郑58cms-M084和郑58cms-Q1261为材料，鉴定其育性稳定性和胞质类型，观察小孢子败育过程和不育性的遗传特性，并对不育系的产量和品质相关性状进行分析。结果发现，两个不育系在不同生态环境下均表现为花药不外露，干瘪皱缩，无花粉粒，属于CMS-S型胞质不育类型。其小孢子均在单核晚期至双核期，开始出现崩溃解体现象，到成熟花粉期完全降解消失。两个不育系的穗位高极显著低于郑58，郑58cms-Q1261子粒蛋白质含量极显著高于郑58，其它性状与郑58均无显著差异。表明郑58cms-M084和郑58cms-Q1261均为CMS-S型不育系，不育性状稳定、无明显不良胞质效应，具有一定的利用价值。

Abstract: Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the main type used in maize breeding. The identification of male sterile lines and the analysis of their availability are of great significance for the exploration of new cytoplasmic male sterile materials. In this study, two male sterile lines Zheng58cms-M084, Zheng58cms-Q1261 were identified for their fertility stability, cytoplasmic type , microspore abortion and the genetic characteristics of sterility. Meanwhile yield and quality related traits of male sterile lines were analyzed. The results showed that Zheng58cms-M084 and Zheng58cms-Q1261 had stable sterility, and their anthers were shrivelled, thin and not exposed. Their cytoplasm type was classified into CMS-S. The microspores of the two sterile lines began to disintegrate during the late mononuclear stage to the binuclear stage and completely degraded at the mature pollen stage. The ear height of the two sterile lines was significantly lower than that of Zheng58, and the kernel protein content of Zheng58cms-Q1261was significantly higher than that of Zheng58, while there was no significant difference in other traits. The results indicated that Zheng58cms-M084 and Zheng58cms-Q1261,which belonged to CMS-S with stable sterility, no obvious adverse cytoplasmic effect, have utilization value in production.

国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0101204-3)