【目的】研究不同施氮水平对东北春玉米产量及氮肥利用效率的影响,为探明春玉米高产群体适宜氮肥用量及植株氮素转运与分配特征提供理论依据。【方法】通过两年田间定位试验,设置5个氮肥水平,即0(N1)、200(N2)、300(N3)、400(N4)、500(N5)kg N/hm²,以先玉335(XY335)和利民33(LM33)为供试品种,系统监测群体产量构成、氮素吸收、分配和转运特征。【结果】玉米籽粒产量随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增后降的趋势,其中N3处理下产量最高,达14354 kg/hm²,其单株氮素累积量也最高；植株花后养分累积量和对籽粒养分累积贡献率均随着施氮量的增加而增加；品种间比较,XY335和LM33氮素累积量的差异主要表现在开花以后,XY335比LM33具有更好的产量表现,且植株养分向籽粒的转运效率更高,通过对两年两个品种不同氮水平下籽粒产量进行拟合,获得一元二次方程y=-0.013x²+9.9151x+12186, R2=0.8889,得出最佳经济施肥量为277.3 kg/hm²,其对应的产量为13936 kg/hm²。【结论】综合考虑土壤肥力和气候条件,东北中部黑土区公顷氮肥用量280 kg时,可以实现春玉米14 ton/hm² 产量水平,合理的氮肥运筹有助于干物质向籽粒中转移；同时,可增加植株吐丝后期氮素的吸收和转运效率,进而实现作物增产。

【Objective】The study of the effects of different nitrogen application levels on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize in Northeast China provides a theoretical basis for probing into the suitable nitrogen fertilizer rate and the characteristics of plant nitrogen transfer and distribution for high-yield spring maize populations.【Method】Through two-year field trials, five nitrogen fertilizer levels were set, namely 0 (N1), 200 (N2), 300 (N3), 400 (N4), 500 (N5) kg N/hm², with Xianyu 335 (XY335) and Limin 33 (LM33) as the test varieties, which systematically monitor the population"s yield composition, nitrogen absorption, distribution and transportation characteristics.【Result】The yield of maize grains increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer. Among them, the yield under N3 treatment was the highest, reaching 14354 kg/hm², and the nitrogen accumulation per plant was also the highest; the accumulation of nutrients after anthesis and the nutrient effects of the grains The cumulative contribution rate increases with the increase of nitrogen application rate; the difference in nitrogen accumulation between XY335 and LM33 is mainly manifested after flowering, XY335 has better yield performance than LM33, and the transfer of plant nutrients to the grain It is more efficient. By fitting the grain yield of two varieties under different nitrogen levels in two years, the one-variable quadratic equation y=-0.013x²+9.9151x+12186, R²=0.8889 is obtained, and the optimal economic fertilization amount is 277.3 kg/hm², the corresponding yield is 13936 kg/hm².【Conclusion】Comprehensive consideration of soil fertility and climatic conditions, when the nitrogen fertilizer rate of 280 kg per hectare in the black soil area of the central northeast, a spring corn yield of 14 ton/hm² can be achieved. Reasonable nitrogen fertilizer management can help the transfer of dry matter to the grain; at the same time, it can increase plant vomiting. Nitrogen absorption and transfer efficiency in the late silk stage, and then increase crop yield.