本试验以丹340、Mo17、B73和O201等73份玉米自交系为材料。在玉米生长到6叶1心期时，采用注射法接种黑粉菌，在接种的第10 d和第20 d统计发病率、在第20 d鉴定玉米种质的抗病性，并对遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析。研究表明：接种第10 d时的发病率为0.00%～54.67%，第20 d时的发病率为2.67%～85.90%。根据抗性评价标准统计，表现为高抗的有5份材料，表现为中抗的材料有5份，表现为抗病的材料有4份，其余59份表现为感病；供试材料共有216个等位基因变异，每对引物检测出等位基因数2～5个，平均3.13个，多态性信息量变化范围0.2516～0.7808，平均0.5858，说明遗传变异丰富，进化潜能大；73份种质资源的遗传相似系数的变异范围为0.59～0.99，当遗传相似系数为0.54时，将73份玉米种质资源分为6类，第Ⅰ类7份材料，其中包括2份高抗材料丹340、E28，；第Ⅱ类有5份材料，其中包括1份抗病材料、1份中抗材料；第Ⅲ类有31份材料，其中包括1份高抗材料H21；第Ⅳ类有12份材料，包括3份抗病材料、1份中抗材料；第V类有8份材料，3份抗病材料；第Ⅵ类有10份材料，其中包括2份高抗材料齐319和沈137。筛选出来的5份高抗材料主要集中在第Ⅰ类和第Ⅵ类，通过聚类分析划分到旅大红骨群和PB群，可以根据这些高抗材料之间的亲缘关系，充分有效地利用这些优良的种质资源，可以拓宽抗瘤黑粉病种质资源的遗传背景。

73 maize inbred lines such as Dan 340, Mo17, B73 and o201 were used as materials. The incidence rate of maize growth to 6 leaves and 1 heart period was inoculated with smut fungus. The incidence of disease was detected at tenth D and twentieth D, and the resistance of maize germplasm was identified at twentieth D. Genetic diversity and genetic relationship were analyzed. The results showed that the incidence rate was 0% to 54.67% when inoculated at tenth D, and the incidence rate was 2.67% to 85.90% at twentieth D. According to the statistics of resistance evaluation criteria, there were 5 materials with high resistance, 5 materials with medium resistance, 4 materials with disease resistance, and the other 59 materials with disease susceptibility; There were 216 allele variations in the tested materials. The number of alleles detected by each pair of primers was 2 ~ 5, with an average of 3.13. The variation range of polymorphism information was 0.2516 ~ 0.7808, with an average of 0.5858, indicating that there was rich genetic variation and great evolutionary potential; The variation range of genetic similarity coefficient of 73 germplasm resources was 0.59 ~ 0.99. When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.54, 73 maize germplasm resources were divided into 6 categories, 7 materials in class I, including 2 high resistance materials dan340 and E28,; There are 5 materials in class II, including 1 disease resistant material and 1 medium resistant material; There are 31 materials in category III, including 1 high resistance material H21; There are 12 materials in class IV, including 3 disease resistant materials and 1 medium resistant material; Class V has 8 materials and 3 disease resistant materials; Class VI has 10 parts of materials, including 2 parts of high resistance materials Qi 319 and Shen 137. The five selected high resistance materials are mainly concentrated in class I and class VI. they are divided into Luda red bone group and Pb group by cluster analysis. According to the genetic relationship between these high resistance materials, these excellent germplasm resources can be fully and effectively utilized, and the genetic background of anti-tumor powdery mildew germplasm resources can be widened.

甘肃省高等学校创新(2020A-053)；国家自然基金地区(32060487)；甘肃农业大学青年导师(GAU-QDFC-2019-01)Foundation projectInnovation fund project of colleges and universities in Gansu Province (2020a-053); NSFC regional fund project (32060487); Youth tutor fund project of Gansu Agricultural University (gau-qdfc-2019-01)