此研究于2004 ~ 2019年对辽宁省黑土地进行野外采样，测定土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH四个指标，利用GIS和统计分析的方法，研究黑土区土壤养分指标时空特征及其与气象因子的相关性。结果表明：年际间，碱解氮含量整体上没有明显变化，速效磷、速效钾含量和pH值呈增长趋势，0 ~ 20 cm土壤分别增长了187.1%、124.2%和4.7%，20 ~ 40 cm土壤增长了217.1%、89.3%和3.0%；空间上，碱解氮和速效磷含量呈东高西低分布，速效钾含量呈由西南向东北升高分布，pH值呈东低西高分布。降水量对碱解氮的影响最大，风速对速效磷、速效钾和pH的影响最大，且与速效磷和速效钾呈显著相关。因此，除碱解氮以外，速效磷、速效钾的含量和pH值在16年来均有所增加，碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾在空间上由东部向西部降低，pH值东低西高，风速对土壤养分的影响最大，应注重土壤养分的变化监测及风速的影响，严格控制氮磷钾肥的施用量，以期得到粮食综合生产能力的提升。

Field sampling was conducted on black soil in Liaoning province from 2004 to 2019, and four indicators of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH were measured. The spatial and temporal characteristics of soil nutrient indicators in black soil area and their correlation with meteorological factors were studied using GIS and statistical analysis. The results showed that there was no significant change in the content of available nitrogen between years. The content of available phosphorus available potassium and pH values showed an increasing trend. The 0 ~ 20 cm soil increased by 187.1%, 124.2% and 4.7%, 20 ~ 40 cm soil increased by 217.1%, 89.3% and 3.0% respectively. Spatially, the content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher in the east and lower in the west, the content of available potassium increased from southwest to northeast, and the pH value was low in the east and high in the west. Precipitation had the greatest effect on available nitrogen, wind speed had the greatest effect on available phosphorus, available potassium and pH, and wind speed was significantly associated with available phosphorus and available potassium. Therefore, except for the available nitrogen, the content of available phosphorus, available potassium and pH values had increased over 16 years, the available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were spatially reduced from east to west, the pH value was low in the east and high in the west. The wind speed had the greatest influence on soil nutrients. Attention should be paid to the monitoring of changes in soil nutrients and the influence of wind speed, and the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be strictly controlled, in order to improve the comprehensive grain production capacity.

国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）基于光合参数对水氮相应机理的东北春玉米冠层碳通量模型改进研究（41705094）