穗腐病是玉米的重要病害之一，近年由青霉Penicilium引起的穗腐病逐年加重。抗病玉米品种的选育和利用是控制穗腐病的经济、安全和有效措施。本研究完善了玉米抗青霉穗腐病鉴定的方法，连续3年（2020～2022）比较分析了喷雾法、花丝通道注射法、籽粒注射法、牙签法对玉米青霉穗腐病抗性鉴定。结果表明，籽粒注射法、牙签法发病强度适中，能够使得不同品种在人工接种后表现出不同水平的抗性反应，较适合用于玉米抗青霉穗腐病鉴定接种，是比较理想、容易操作的接种方法。2021～2022年期间的玉米新品种中，对青霉穗腐病表现高抗、抗性、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占8%、24%、28.5%、24.5%、15%。本研究为了解青霉引起的穗腐病提供了依据，在病害预防中发挥重要作用。

Ear rot is a serious disease of maize, the ear rot caused by Penicilium is increasing year by year in China. The development and utilization of resistant cultivars is the most economical, safe, and effective method for controlling ear rot. We have compared four methods of resistance identification, silk spraying, silk channel injection, kernel injection, and two toothpicks method. The results showed that the kernel injection method and the toothpick method had moderate disease intensity, which could make different varieties show different levels of resistance responses after artificial inoculation. method of inoculation. The two methods are ideal and easy-to-operate inoculation methods. Among new corn varietres in 2021～2022, 8%, 24%, 28.5%, 24.5%, 15%of varieties were highly resistant resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible to Penicilium ear rot, respectively.Results provide a basis for understanding ear rot caused by Penicilium, and should play an important role in disease prevention of damage by disease.

国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300307,2017YFD0300704,2016YFD0300704)