穗腐病是玉米的重要病害之一，近年由木霉Trichoderma引起的穗腐病逐年加重。抗病玉米品种的选育和利用是控制穗腐病的经济、安全和有效措施。本研究首次开展了玉米抗木霉穗腐病的接种鉴定，连续3年（2020-2022年）比较分析了喷雾法、花丝通道注射法、籽粒注射法、牙签法对玉米木霉穗腐病的抗性鉴定。结果表明，花丝通道注射法发病强度适中，能够使得不同品种在人工接种后表现出不同水平的抗性反应，较适合用于玉米抗木霉穗腐病鉴定接种。花丝通道注射法将病菌接种于花丝与籽粒之间，适合病原菌的自然扩展和侵染，是一种比较理想、容易操作的接种方法。2021-2022年鉴定的玉米新品种中，对木霉穗腐病表现高抗、抗性、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占2.6%、13.6%、26.0%、44.4%和13.4%。本研究为开展玉米抗木霉穗腐病相关研究提供了参考。

Ear rot is a serious disease of maize, the ear rot caused by Trichoderma spp. is increasing year by year in China. The development and utilization of resistant cultivars is the most economical, safe, and effective method for controlling ear rot. We have compared four methods of resistance identification over 3 years(2020-2022), such as, silk spraying, silk channel injection, kernel injection and two toothpicks method. The results showed that the silk channel injection method had moderate disease intensity, which could make different varieties show different levels of resistance responses after artificial inoculation. Silk channel injection was a desired and easy-to-operate inoculation method to inoculate pathogens between silk and kernel, which was conducive to the natural expansion and infection of pathogens. During 2021-2022, 2.6%, 13.6%, 26.0%, 44.4%, and 13.4% of new maize varieties were highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible to Trichoderma ear rot, respectively. Results provide a reference for carrying out Trichoderma ear rot resistance.

国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300307,2017YFD0300704,2016YFD0300704)