幼胚是目前广泛用于玉米组培再生和遗传转化的主要外植体材料，但获取幼胚的数量和质量会受到季节和气候条件的严重影响。因此，亟需寻找新的外植体来替代幼胚或作为幼胚的补充。本研究通过将玉米籽粒在4℃条件下浸泡3天获得萌动胚，进而以其为外植体，建立玉米组培再生体系。通过调整培养基组成和激素配比，萌动胚在2,4-D浓度为8mg/L的诱导培养基上，初代愈伤组织发生率可达到54.17%，经继代培养胚性愈伤诱导率可达42.13%。胚性愈伤在激素组合为1.5mg/L 6-BA + 0.1mg/L NAA的分化培养基上分化率超过40%，经生根培养后可100%生根。基因表达分析同时发现与体细胞发生相关的7个基因在不同培养阶段的表达变化与胚性愈伤的形成密切相关。这些结果表明，玉米萌动胚可替代幼胚或作为其补充用于玉米组培再生和遗传转化相关工作。

Immature embryos are still widely used as the main explant materials for maize genetic transformation and tissue culture regeneration, but the quantity and quality of immature embryos can be affected by seasonal and climatic conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new explants to replace or supplement immature embryos. In this study, maize seeds were soaked for three days at 4°C to obtain germinating embryos, which were then used as explants to establish a maize tissue culture regeneration system. By adjusting the composition of the medium and the ratio of hormones, the incubation rate of primary callus could reach 54.17%, and the induction rate of the embryogenic calli could reach 42.13% by successive cultivation on the induction medium with 2,4-D concentration of 8 mg/L. Embryogenic calli were differentiated by more than 40% on the combination of 1.5mg/L 6-BA + 0.1mg/L NAA, and up to 100% rooted after rooting culture. Gene expression analysis also revealed that the expression changes of seven genes related to somatic embryogenesis at different culture stages were closely related to the formation of embryogenic calli. These results suggest that maize germinating embryos can be used as an alternative or complement to immature embryos for tissue culture regeneration and genetic transformation of maize.

S513.035.3

吉林省科技发展计划国际科技合作项目“基于蛋白质组分析发掘玉米耐冷相关基因”(20200801070GH)