利用典型黑土区玉米-大豆轮作定位试验，设5个处理，即不施肥(NoF)、玉米连作正常施用化肥(LZ)、玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥(CF)、玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥+15 000 kg/hm²有机肥(CF+15T)和玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥+30 000 kg/hm²有机肥(CF+30T)，研究连续4年增施有机肥后对玉米产量及构成要素和子粒中蛋白质、氨基酸、可溶性糖、淀粉、矿质营养元素含量的影响。结果表明，同CF处理相比，LZ处理玉米产量比CF处理降低15%，连续4年增施有机肥后玉米产量呈增加趋势，CF+15T处理和CF+30T处理玉米产量比CF处理高8.8%和13%。单施化肥处理下连作与轮作玉米子粒品质指标差异不大，轮作处理后连续4年增施有机肥处理的玉米子粒中游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和淀粉含量随着施用有机肥的量增加而增加，对玉米子粒蛋白质含量影响不大。同LZ和CF处理相比，连续4年增施有机肥显著提高玉米子粒中K、Na、Mg和P含量，Ca、Mn、Fe和Zn含量无显著变化。因此，黑土区玉米连作减产，对品质影响不大。玉米-大豆轮作制度下连续4年增施15 000 kg/hm²有机肥提高玉米产量，是促进子粒淀粉、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、K、Na、Mg和P积累的有效措施之一。

This study evaluated the effects of cattle manure on maize yield and grain quality in a Mollisol region with five treatments: NoF(no fertilizer), LZ(chemical fertilizer, no manure, continuous cropping), CF(chemical fertilizer, no manure, soybean-maize rotation), CF+15T(CF plus 15 000 kg/ha of manure), and CF+30T(CF plus 30 000 kg/ha of manure). The results showed that LZ reduced maize yield by 15% compared to CF, while CF+15T and CF+30T increased yields by 8.8% and 13%, respectively. In the soybean-maize rotation, manure addition raised the levels of free amino acids, soluble sugar, and starch in maize grains, with no impact on protein content. Four years of manure application significantly increased K, Na, Mg, and P levels but did not affect Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn in maize grains. Therefore, continuous cropping in Mollisols reduces maize yield but not nutritional quality, while adding 15 000 kg/ha of manure under soybean-maize rotation enhances yield, starch, free amino acids, soluble sugar, and minerals like K, Na, Mg, and P in maize grains.

S513.047

国家重点研发计划课题-侵蚀退化农田生态生产功能重建机制和提升关键技术与示范(2021YFD1500803)