以玉米品种郑单958为材料，以玉米株行距配置为重点，设置高(100 050株/hm²)和中(67 500株/hm²)两个种植密度，每个密度下设置40 cm、60 cm两种行距处理，探究不同密度下株行距配置对产量、根系分布和养分吸收的影响。结果表明，随着种植密度的不断增加，产量呈先增大后减小的趋势，与中密度种植相比，高密度下玉米产量增加13.9%。在中密度下减小行距玉米产量提高1.0%，高密度下减小行距玉米产量显著提高26.1%。在高密度条件下，减小行距在水平、垂直方向均增加根长、根表面积、根体积等，并使植株地上部氮、磷、钾和干物质的积累量分别提高4.9%、8.1%、25.8%和4.5%。根系性状、植株养分含量、植株干重和产量均呈显著正相关。在高密度下通过适当减小行距、增大株距，减小株间根系竞争，提高根系对土壤养分吸收，对玉米密植增产具有重要作用。

This study focused on effects of plant density and plant spacing configuration on corn yield. In field experiment, two planting densities (high density, 100 050 plants/ha; medium density, 67 500 plants/ha), and two row spacings(40 cm and 60 cm) were used. Grain yield increased with decreased row spacing as well as with increased plant density. Yield increased by 13.9% from 67 500 to 100 050 plants/ha. Yield increased by 1.0% from 40 cm to 60 cm row spacing at 67 500 plants/ha and by 26.1% at 100 050 plants/ha. Under high plant density, reduced row spacing increased root length, root surface area and root volume in both horizontal and vertical directions, and increased above-ground plant accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and dry matter by 4.9%, 8.1%, 25.8% and 4.5%, respectively. Root traits, plant nutrient content, and plant dry weight all were significantly positively correlated with yield. In conclusion, reducing row spacing and increasing plant spacing at high densities can further improve corn yield by reducing inter-plant root competition and promoting uptake of soil nutrients.

S513.047

国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300603)