为探究生物炭在土壤氮素分布以及对根系氮素吸收利用与产量形成中所产生的影响，开展两年(2019-2020)定点试验。试验以先玉335为供试材料，采用裂区试验设计，以氮肥为主区，300 kg/hm²(N300)、150 kg/hm²(N150)、不施氮肥(N0)；以生物炭为副区，不施生物炭(C0)、8 t/hm²(C8)、16 t/hm²(C16)、24 t/hm²(C24)。结果表明，在0～15 cm土层内，C8N0、C16N0、C24N0处理组合的有机碳在2019年和2020年较C0N0处理组合分别增加16.27%～31.52%和7.27%～35.57%。在2019年和2020年，C8N150、C16N150、C24N150处理组合较C0N150处理组合的根长分别提升11.22%～51.18%和6.32%～46.17%，产量分别提升10.70%～23.55%和4.77%～22.68%。综上，生物炭施炭量在24 t/hm²时，施氮肥150 kg/hm²对土壤有机质积累分布和根系的发育状况达到最佳状态。

The field experiments were carried out to study the effects of biochar on soil nitrogen distribution, root nitrogen absorption and utilization, and yield formation with the maize Xianyu335 in two years(2019-2020). A split-plot system in three replications was established to conduct the field trials. Three nitrogen fertilization levels(0, 150, 300 kg/ha) were in the main plots, and four bio-char levels(0, 8, 16, 24 t/ha) were in the sub-plots. The results indicated that compared with C0N0, under the treatment of C8N0, C16N0 and C24N0, the soil organic matter within soil layer of 0-15 cm increased by 16.27%-31.52% in 2019, and 7.27%-35.57% in 2020. Compared with C0N150, under the treatment of C8N150, C16N150 and C24N150, the total root length increased by 11.22%-51.18% in 2019, and 6.32%-46.17% in 2020; and total maize production increased by 10.70%-23.55% in 2019, and 4.77%-22.68% in 2020. In summary, at a bio-char application rate of 24t/ha, N150 achieved the optimal state of soil organic matter accumulation and distribution, as well as root development.

S513.062

内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2020CG0030)、呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2020-农-1)、内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0003)、内蒙古自治区高端外国专家引进项目(美国耐密宜机收春玉米品种引进及配套栽培技术研究)、内蒙古草原英才个人项目、国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300802)、农业部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120)、财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-63)、内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室项目