本文基于10个玉米主产省份2001-2020年面板数据，构建随机前沿模型来测算玉米技术效率，并在此基础上运用固定效应模型分析玉米收储制度改革对其技术效率的影响。结果表明，自2001年以来，玉米政策改革实施区和未实施区的平均技术效率都在逐年升高，但相比之下，改革区的总体技术效率更高，未改革区的增速更快。此外还发现，临时收储与“价补分离”政策在对比之下显示出后者的影响更大，这意味着相比于临时收储而言，“价补分离”政策对提高玉米生产技术效率更加有效。同时，适当减少农业劳动力，加强农业基础设施、保证有效灌溉也将有利于提高玉米技术效率。

Based on the panel data of 10 major maize producing provinces from 2001 to 2020, this paper constructs a stochastic frontier model to measure the technical efficiency of maize, and then analyzes the influence of the reform of maize collection and storage system on its technical efficiency by using a fixed effect model. The results showed that since 2001, the average technical efficiency in both the implementation and non-implementation areas of maize policy reform had increased year by year, but the overall technical efficiency in the reform area was higher and the growth rate in the non-reform area was faster. In addition, it is found that the temporary purchase and storage policy is compared with the “price-subsidy separation” policy, showing that the latter has a greater impact. This means that compared with the temporary purchase and storage policy, the “price-subsidy separation” policy is more effective in improving the technical efficiency of maize production. At the same time, appropriate reduction of agricultural labor, strengthening agricultural infrastructure and ensuring effective irrigation will also help improve the technical efficiency of maize.

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国家社会科学基金项目(20BJY147)、国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD094)、新发展格局下我国粮食安全风险防范研究(23&ZD117)