为给玉米抗病分子设计育种提供理论依据与技术参考,通过参阅近年来国内外最新相关研究报道,从气孔防御、PTI免疫、ETI免疫、对不同类型玉米病害的免疫、免疫与生长平衡等方面,对玉米抗病的分子调控机制进行了综述。发现玉米对病害的防御免疫分3个层次,第一层次是通过气孔闭合将病原体堵在细胞外；第二层次是通过定位在细胞膜上的PRRs感受和识别病原体,启动PTI免疫反应将病原体阻止在细胞质外体中,防止病原体进入细胞质；第三层次是通过细胞质内的NLRs感受和识别已进入细胞质的病原体,并迅速启动ETI免疫反应将进入细胞质的病原体予以杀灭。在这3个层次中,既有共同的受体激酶或蛋白如MAPK、BAK1、BIK1、RBOHD等和化学活性物质如ROS等参与,也有只在某一层次起作用的独特受体激酶或蛋白如LHT1、MYB44和NRG1等。MPK3、MPK6、FER等激酶、EPA复合物、以及SA、Ca2+等在调控玉米免疫与生长平衡中发挥着重要作用。

To provide theoretical basis and technical reference for molecular design breeding of corn disease resistance. The molecular regulatory mechanisms of maize disease resistance were reviewed from stomatal defense, PTI immunity, ETI immunity, immunity to different types of corn diseases, balance between immunity and growth and other aspects by referring to the latest related research reports at home and abroad in recent years. It was found that the defense immunity of corn against diseases was divided into three levels: The first layer was to block pathogens outside the cells by closing the stomata; The second layer was to sense and recognize pathogens through PRRs located on the cell membrane, and to initiate PTI immune response to

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重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重大项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0007)、重庆市科企联合体重大项目(2021-2025)