2024年7月15-17日河南漯河地区连续3 d强降雨共计247mm，以至当地夏玉米发生渍涝危害。本研究以80份玉米自交系为材料，在渍涝发生后立即排水保苗，同时为了筛选出耐涝的玉米育种材料，测定了80份玉米株高、穗位高等11个性状指标，利用多样性分析等分析方法，并结合F值综合评价玉米种质资源。结果表明，80份自交系11个形状指标均出现了不同程度的变异，变异系数变化范围为8.51%~116.45%；相关分析表明小区产量与空杆率极显著负相关，与穗粗、单穗粒重极显著正相关；单穗粒重与穗粗、百粒重极显著正相关，与穗长、株高显著相关；主成分分析将将自交系11个性状指标抽取为4个主成分，分别为产量、果穗、株型构成因子以及花期空杆等情况，其累积贡献率为67.902%；聚类分析将80份种质资源划为3类。同时，结合主成分分析建立统一综合评价模型，筛选出10份的综合性状表现优异的种质资源，为后期自交系的应用、改良提供了参考和选择依据。

From July 15 to 17, 2024, continuous heavy rainfall totaling 247 mm occurred in the Luohe region of Henan Province, leading to waterlogging damage in local summer maize. This study utilized 80 maize inbred lines as experimental materials. Drainage and seedling preservation were implemented immediately after waterlogging. To screen waterlogging-tolerant maize breeding materials, 11 trait indices—including plant height and ear height—were measured. Analytical methods such as diversity analysis and F-value comprehensive evaluation were applied to assess maize germplasm resources. The results showed that all 11 trait indices of the 80 inbred lines exhibited varying degrees of variation, with coefficients of variation ranging from 8.51% to 116.45%. Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant negative correlation between plot yield and barren stalk rate, while significant positive correlations were observed between plot yield and ear diameter or single-ear grain weight. Single-ear grain weight showed highly significant positive correlations with ear diameter and 100-grain weight, as well as significant correlations with ear length and plant height. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted four principal components from the 11 traits: yield, ear characteristics, plant architecture factors, and barren stalk rate during flowering, with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.902%. Cluster analysis classified the 80 germplasm resources into three groups. Furthermore, a unified comprehensive evaluation model based on PCA identified 10 germplasm resources with superior comprehensive traits, providing references and selection criteria for future applications and improvements of inbred lines.

现代农业产业技术体系项目(nycytx-02)；河南省科技攻关项目(232102110182)