为了研究土壤养分变化规律，基于玉米与豆科、非豆科、豆科-非豆科覆盖作物间作试验，探讨玉米/覆盖作物间作对农田土壤养分及根际微生物群落结构特征的影响，探寻实现农业资源优化的合理种植方式。结果表明，非豆科覆盖作物与玉米间作使土壤耕作层全氮含量显著提高15.20%，所有覆盖作物间作处理的土壤速效养分含量以及全磷含量与玉米单作相比显著提升。与玉米单作相比，覆盖作物与玉米间作种植模式提高变形菌门、厚壁菌门的相对丰度，豆科覆盖作物与玉米间作处理提升最多。相较于玉米单作，豆科-非豆科覆盖作物与玉米间作对于子囊菌门和被孢霉门的相对丰度提高最多，分别为15.25%和60.34%，土壤中优势菌门表现出维持土壤养分循环平衡的作用。覆盖作物与玉米间作可直接或间接调节微生物缓解土壤酸化，提高速效养分含量，从而提高土壤肥力，同时招募有益菌来维持土壤微环境的稳定。

This study investigated the effects of intercropping between maize and cover crops on soil nutrients and rhizosphere microbial community structure in black soil areas and explored scientific tillage measures to optimize the agricultural resources. Based on an experiment of intercropping between maize and leguminous, non-leguminous, and leguminous - non-leguminous cover crops, it was demonstrated that intercropping non-leguminous cover crops with maize considerably enhanced the soil total nitrogen by 15.20%. In contrast to maize monoculture, intercropping with all cover crops significantly enhanced the concentrations of soil available nutrients and total phosphorus. Intercropping with cover crops increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as compared to maize monoculture. The most significant enhancement was observed under intercropping maize and leguminous cover crops. Intercropping with legume-nonlegume cover crops increased the relative abundance of Ascomycetes and Mortierellomycota, by 15.25% and 60.34%, respectively, as compared to maize monoculture. The relatively high abundance of dominant bacteria may help to maintain the balance of soil nutrients. Intercropping with cover crops can control microorganisms directly or indirectly to reduce soil acidity, increase the amount of available nutrients, and enhancing soil fertility. At the same time, intercropping with cover crops can recruit bacteria to preserve the stability of the soil microenvironment and lessen agricultural non-point source pollution.

S513.047

吉林省国际合作项目(20210402036GH);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28020401)