为研究磷肥施用方式对夏玉米根系形态、磷素吸收及产量的影响，在河南原阳和许昌开展田间试验，以郑单958为试验材料，在施磷量75 kg/hm²下设置撒施(SP)、分层施(LP)、条施(BP)和穴施(HP)4个处理。结果表明，不同磷肥施用方式下，相较SP处理，两个试验点LP、HP处理显著提高根系干重、根长、根表面积和根体积。磷素吸收量LP、HP处理较SP处理在各个生育时期均有所提高，磷素转运量表现为HP>LP>BP>SP，磷素吸收效率在两个试验点LP、HP处理较SP处理分别提高14.3%～23.2%和25.0%～26.0%。与SP处理相比，夏玉米产量在原阳试验点HP处理提高22.3%，在许昌试验点LP和HP处理分别提高18.5%和34.7%。综上所述，分层施和穴施可以优化根系与磷素的空间匹配，提高磷素吸收量和磷素利用效率，获得较高子粒产量，是夏玉米适宜施磷方式。

In order to investigate the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application methods on root morphology, phosphorus absorption, and yield of summer maize, field experiments were conducted in Yuanyang and Xuchang, Henan. The experimental material used was Zhengdan958, and four treatments were applied at a rate of 75 kg/ha: broadcast application(SP), layered application(LP), strip application(BP), and hole application(HP). The results showed that, under different phosphorus fertilizer application methods, compared with SP, LP and HP significantly increased root dry weight, root length, root surface area and root volume. The phosphorus absorption amount of LP and HP was higher than that of SP in each growth period, and the phosphorus transport amount was HP>LP>BP>SP. The phosphorus absorption efficiency of LP and HP was 14.3%- 23.2% and 25.0%-26.0% higher than that of SP in the two test points, respectively. Compared with SP the yield of summer maize increased by 22.3% in HP at Yuanyang test site, 18.5% and 34.7% in LP and HP at Xuchang test site, respectively. In conclusion, the application of layered and hole application techniques can optimize the spatial matching of roots and phosphorus, leading to increased phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency, and obtain higher grain yield, which is a suitable phosphorus application method for summer maize.

S513.062

河南省自然科学基金项目(212300410157);河南农业大学科技创新基金项目(2023CXZX001);河南农业大学青年英才项目(30500952);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901002-8)