本研究对464份2020-2024年黑龙江省审定的玉米品种的产量性状（穗长、穗粗、穗行数、百粒重）、株型性状（株高、穗位）及品质性状（粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗淀粉）进行了多样性分析、相关性分析、灰色关联度分析、主成分分析及TOPSIS（Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution）综合评价。结果表明，玉米各性状的变异系数范围为1.53%-11.49%，其中产量变异系数最大，表明其改良潜力较大。相关性分析显示，株高、穗位、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、百粒重和产量间均呈正相关，而粗脂肪、粗蛋白与产量呈极显著负相关（p<0.01）。灰色关联度分析表明，穗长、粗淀粉、穗粗等性状与产量的关联度较高。主成分分析提取了3个主成分，累计贡献率达58.25%，其中PC1(Principal component 1)主要反映产量相关性状。TOPSIS综合评价显示，龙单308、天丰3366等品种综合表现最佳。本研究为玉米品种选育提供了重要参考。

In this study, diversity analysis, correlation analysis, grey correlation analysis, principal component analysis and TOPSIS (technique for order preference) were conducted on yield traits (ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear and 100-grain weight), plant type traits (plant height and ear position) and quality traits (crude protein, crude fat and crude starch) of 464 maize varieties approved in Heilongjiang Province from 2020 to 2024. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of maize characters ranged from 1.53% to 11.49%, among which the coefficient of variation of yield was the largest, indicating that it had great improvement potential. Correlation analysis showed that plant height, ear position, ear length, ear diameter, ear rows, 100-grain weight and yield were all positively correlated, while crude fat and crude protein were negatively correlated with yield (p<0.01). Grey correlation degree analysis showed that the correlation degree between yield and panicle length, coarse starch and panicle diameter was high. Principal component analysis extracted three principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 58.25%, among which PC1(Principal component 1) mainly reflected yield-related traits. TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation showed that Longdan 308 and Tianfeng 3366 had the best comprehensive performance. This study provides an important reference for maize variety breeding.

1、黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程重大需求科技创新攻关项目“高产优质广适宜机收玉米新品种选育推广及产业化开发(CX23ZD05)”2、国家玉米产业技术体系绥化综合试验站(CARS-02-44)