全基因组选择(Genomic selection或Genome-wide selection，GS)是指利用覆盖各染色体范围的分子标记对作物的表型进行的预测和选择。随着分子标记技术、数理统计的发展和计算机运算能力的提升，全基因组选择逐渐从理论走向实践，在作物种质资源创新和品种选育中发挥着越来越重要的作用，通过与常规育种的有效结合带来了育种方式的新飞跃。全基因组选择能够降低育种成本和加速育种进程，实现作物育种由鉴定育种向预测育种的转变。本文主要介绍全基因组选择技术产生的背景、应用流程和影响全基因组选择预测精度的因素，回顾和展望该技术在玉米种质创新和杂交组合预测上应用的现状与前景，提出当前开展玉米全基因组选择工作面临的问题和建议。

Genomic selection or Genome-wide selection(GS) may be defined as the selection of traits with markers simultaneously, which cover the entire genome in a dense manner. With advancements in molecular marker technology, statistical methods, and computing power, GS has transitioned from theory to practice, playing an increasingly important role in crop germplasm innovation and breeding. Through effective integration with conventional breeding, GS has brought a significant leap in breeding methods. It can reduce the breeding cost, accelerate the breeding process, and realize the transformation from identification breeding to prediction breeding. This paper introduces the background, basic process, and factors that affect the prediction accuracy of GS. Using maize as an example, it reviews the current situation and prospects of the application of this technology in maize germplasm innovation and prediction of maize hybrid, and puts forward the problems and suggestions faced by the current implementation of maize genomic selection, hoping to provide some references for accelerating the application of this technology in maize breeding.

S513.035.3

黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费(CZKYF2023-1-A003)、黑龙江省博士后科研启动资金项目、黑龙江省农业科学院创新跨越工程项目(CX23TS02)、黑龙江省头雁团队项目