以驻玉216、驻玉902、中科玉505、裕丰303、郑单958为试验材料，研究春、夏播玉米子粒构型性状的动态发育特征，为玉米子粒构型育种提供理论依据。结果表明，粒长春播裕丰303第12～19天呈波浪式增长，夏播中科玉505第12～26天迅速增加。粒宽春播郑单958、裕丰303随授粉后日数的增加平稳变宽，夏播中科玉505授粉后第12～19天急剧变宽。粒厚春播驻玉216、驻玉902第12～33天急速提高，夏播郑单958第12～33天快速增加。玉米子粒百粒体积春播呈抛物线形动态发育，夏播呈直线式变化趋势。春、夏播子粒百粒质量呈抛物线形动态发育变化。长宽比春播第12～19天驻玉216、驻玉902比值大于1∶1，夏播第40～47天中科玉505、郑单958显著提高。子粒密度春播第40～47天驻玉216、中科玉505急剧增加，夏播第12～19天裕丰303、郑单958缓慢下降。

This study investigated the dynamic development of grain configuration traits in spring- and summer-sown maize using varieties Zhuyu216(ZY216), Zhuyu902(ZY902), Zhongkeyu(ZKY505), Yufeng303(YF303), and Zhengdan958(ZD958), aiming to provide a theoretical basis for maize grain configuration breeding. The results showed that the grain length of spring-sown YF303 increased in fluctuation from days 12 to 19, while the grain length of summer-sown ZKY505 increased rapidly from days 12 to 26. The grain width of spring-sown ZD958 and YF303 steadily widened with the increase of pollination days, while the grain width of summer-sown ZKY505 sharply widened from days 12 to 19. The grain thickness of spring-sown ZY216 and ZY902 increased rapidly from days 12 to 33, while the grain thickness of summer-sown ZD958 increased rapidly from days 12 to 33. The 100-grain volume of spring-sown maize varieties exhibited a parabolic dynamic development, while the 100-grain volume of summer-sown maize varieties showed a linear trend of change. The 100-grain weight of spring and summer maize varieties showed a parabolic dynamic development trend. The length-width ratio for spring-sown ZY216 and ZY902 were greater than 1∶1 from days 12 to 19, while the length-width ratio for summer-sown ZKY505 and ZD958 were significantly increased from days 40 to 47. The grain density of spring-sown ZY216 and ZKY505 increased sharply from days 40 to 47, while the grain density of summer-sown YF303 and ZD958 decreased slowly from days 12 to 19.

S513.01

河南省科技攻关计划项目(242102111168)