Most view articles
2010, 18(5):1-8.
Abstract:
Based on retrospective review on germplasm sources of maize breeding in China, i.e. local landraces, overseas inbred lines, overseas hybrids and populations, it was suggested that a major of temperate inbred in China could be divided into six groups, that was, Tangsipingtou, Lancaster, Lancaster-like, PA, PB and PC. The foundation parents used in maize breeding included Dan 340, Huangzaosi, Zi330, Mo17 and Ye478 etc. In this paper, directions and priorities of research on germplasm resources and foundation parents were also proposed.
Based on retrospective review on germplasm sources of maize breeding in China, i.e. local landraces, overseas inbred lines, overseas hybrids and populations, it was suggested that a major of temperate inbred in China could be divided into six groups, that was, Tangsipingtou, Lancaster, Lancaster-like, PA, PB and PC. The foundation parents used in maize breeding included Dan 340, Huangzaosi, Zi330, Mo17 and Ye478 etc. In this paper, directions and priorities of research on germplasm resources and foundation parents were also proposed.
2010, 18(1):1-5.
Abstract:
This paper summed up the main successful experiences of China’s maize breeding in the past 60 years, point out the great contribution of maize breeding level on the production. And analyzed the current problem of maize breeding science and technology in China,proposed the initiatives with relying on scientific and technological progress,improve the level of China's maize breeding and the breeding innovation capability base on the growth in maize consumption,constraints on resources and environment,the variation of climate, and the international competition.
This paper summed up the main successful experiences of China’s maize breeding in the past 60 years, point out the great contribution of maize breeding level on the production. And analyzed the current problem of maize breeding science and technology in China,proposed the initiatives with relying on scientific and technological progress,improve the level of China's maize breeding and the breeding innovation capability base on the growth in maize consumption,constraints on resources and environment,the variation of climate, and the international competition.
2010, 18(2):1-4.
Abstract:
Selection is an effective tool for evolution(natural selection) and animal-plant improvement(artificial selection).The foundation for selection is based on clear diversity of natural environment,genetic variation or polymorphism of genes and genetic-environment interaction.The basic theory and certain practical methods in selection were discussed.
Selection is an effective tool for evolution(natural selection) and animal-plant improvement(artificial selection).The foundation for selection is based on clear diversity of natural environment,genetic variation or polymorphism of genes and genetic-environment interaction.The basic theory and certain practical methods in selection were discussed.
2015, 23(2):1-6.
DOI: 10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20150201
Abstract:
Ac/Ds transposon system is an important tool for maize functional genomics. Its distinctive properties, e.g. low copy number in the genome, insertion basis to the exons, and mutating different loci in a single gene, make it a wonderful system for mutant library construction and gene function characterization in maize. The specificity and mechanisms of Ac/Ds transposon in maize as well as the application of this system in constructing the mutant library were reviewed. The current progress of mutant library construction and further utilization of Ac/Ds in China was also discussed.
Ac/Ds transposon system is an important tool for maize functional genomics. Its distinctive properties, e.g. low copy number in the genome, insertion basis to the exons, and mutating different loci in a single gene, make it a wonderful system for mutant library construction and gene function characterization in maize. The specificity and mechanisms of Ac/Ds transposon in maize as well as the application of this system in constructing the mutant library were reviewed. The current progress of mutant library construction and further utilization of Ac/Ds in China was also discussed.
2009, 17(5):1-4.
Abstract:
By summaried the theoretical and empirical of haploid breeding at home and abroad, and following the guidance of the well-known haploid breeder in the USA, this specification were assemblied for the trial information. The specification laid down the basic operating procedures of breeding inbred lines with hybridization-induced haploid, made the technical requirements in haploid hybridization-induced, seed screening, plant recognition, natural and artificial double and doubled haploid. The key technology in every aspect were trialing and not yet perfect(artificial doubling and many other areas was commercial confidentiality). Following this program, batch selection the high-volume homozygous inbred lines only needs 2 - 3 reproductive generations.
By summaried the theoretical and empirical of haploid breeding at home and abroad, and following the guidance of the well-known haploid breeder in the USA, this specification were assemblied for the trial information. The specification laid down the basic operating procedures of breeding inbred lines with hybridization-induced haploid, made the technical requirements in haploid hybridization-induced, seed screening, plant recognition, natural and artificial double and doubled haploid. The key technology in every aspect were trialing and not yet perfect(artificial doubling and many other areas was commercial confidentiality). Following this program, batch selection the high-volume homozygous inbred lines only needs 2 - 3 reproductive generations.
2008, 16(06):1-5.
Abstract:
Domestic demand for maize will increase although the maize supply is plenty enough currently.This is a big challenge to the national maize R & D system,especially for maize breeding programs.Yield gains have been being increased since the introduction and adoption of hybrids,the stress tolerance of modern hybrids has been enhanced during the last 5 decades.Maize breeding efforts were driven by production management of low population density,which caused declines in breeding targets and strategy.Breeding efforts for stress tolerance should be emphasized,and cycling breeding strategy and selection under high population density should be adopted to develop elite inbred and hybrids.
Domestic demand for maize will increase although the maize supply is plenty enough currently.This is a big challenge to the national maize R & D system,especially for maize breeding programs.Yield gains have been being increased since the introduction and adoption of hybrids,the stress tolerance of modern hybrids has been enhanced during the last 5 decades.Maize breeding efforts were driven by production management of low population density,which caused declines in breeding targets and strategy.Breeding efforts for stress tolerance should be emphasized,and cycling breeding strategy and selection under high population density should be adopted to develop elite inbred and hybrids.
2008, 16(3):001-003.
Abstract:
The United States is the number one country in the world in terms of total corn acreage, total corn production and unit yield. Corn yields have been further improved by the introduction of transgenic corn varieties since 1996. The two major transgenic corns are insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant corns. Insect resistance was achieved by expressing in corn cry genes from Bacillus Thuringiensis(Bt) and herbicide tolerance by expressing either modified EPSPS or EPSPS from agrobacterium strain CP4. In the past ten years, transgenic corn acreage has grown steadily, and transgenic corn varieties have been improved from single transgenic traits to double and multiple traits stacked together. Transgenic corn has been proven successful in fighting insects, reducing pesticide application and increasing yield. However, issues about genetically modified organisms' long term effects on human health and environment still remain, and more research and studies are still needed.
The United States is the number one country in the world in terms of total corn acreage, total corn production and unit yield. Corn yields have been further improved by the introduction of transgenic corn varieties since 1996. The two major transgenic corns are insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant corns. Insect resistance was achieved by expressing in corn cry genes from Bacillus Thuringiensis(Bt) and herbicide tolerance by expressing either modified EPSPS or EPSPS from agrobacterium strain CP4. In the past ten years, transgenic corn acreage has grown steadily, and transgenic corn varieties have been improved from single transgenic traits to double and multiple traits stacked together. Transgenic corn has been proven successful in fighting insects, reducing pesticide application and increasing yield. However, issues about genetically modified organisms' long term effects on human health and environment still remain, and more research and studies are still needed.
2010, 18(4):1-6.
Abstract:
Eight inbred lines were selected by introducing tropic maize germplasm into Diangu11A, Hongyumi, Chang3, Mo17, 2 test varieties were selected for each inbred line. Contrast design, three replications. The observed values of agronomic traits of selected lines with tropic and subtropics germplasm and unimproved lines, hybrids of the selected inbred lines and the cross combinations of unimproved lines were taken as a pair of data and analyzed by pairing statistical method, t test. The results showed that the heterosis of hybrids crossed by Diangu11A induced Suwan1, 5-56 and Hongyumi, Hongyumi induced Suwan1, EVT5 and Diangu11A, Chang3 induced Suwan1, Mohuang9 and Hai014 were all higher than the adjacent control groups. The main agronomic traits change of inbred lines induced into tropical germplasm was the delay of growth period. The earlier mature period of induced inbred lines, the longer growth period of relevant new selected inbred lines and crossed hybrids. All the plant yield of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines get improved. The earlier mature period of induced inbred lines, the higher increase yield range of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines than unimproved lines. The northern leaf blight and stalk rot resistance of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines and crossed hybrids had improved widely while the pathogenesis degree of head smut showed difference.
Eight inbred lines were selected by introducing tropic maize germplasm into Diangu11A, Hongyumi, Chang3, Mo17, 2 test varieties were selected for each inbred line. Contrast design, three replications. The observed values of agronomic traits of selected lines with tropic and subtropics germplasm and unimproved lines, hybrids of the selected inbred lines and the cross combinations of unimproved lines were taken as a pair of data and analyzed by pairing statistical method, t test. The results showed that the heterosis of hybrids crossed by Diangu11A induced Suwan1, 5-56 and Hongyumi, Hongyumi induced Suwan1, EVT5 and Diangu11A, Chang3 induced Suwan1, Mohuang9 and Hai014 were all higher than the adjacent control groups. The main agronomic traits change of inbred lines induced into tropical germplasm was the delay of growth period. The earlier mature period of induced inbred lines, the longer growth period of relevant new selected inbred lines and crossed hybrids. All the plant yield of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines get improved. The earlier mature period of induced inbred lines, the higher increase yield range of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines than unimproved lines. The northern leaf blight and stalk rot resistance of tropic germplasm introduced inbred lines and crossed hybrids had improved widely while the pathogenesis degree of head smut showed difference.
2008, 16(05):1-2.
Abstract:
超级玉米是在目前玉米杂交优势利用的基础上,以提高玉米品种单产能力为目标的科技创新。本文论述了超级玉米育种的意义,指出超级玉米的选育目标除"超高产、优质、多抗、广适、易制种"外,还应考虑品种的审定效率、高产稳产性、高产攻关田产量指标,并对种质创新、株型选择、植株性状提出了更高的要求。针对超级玉米推广的现状,提出了加速制定超级玉米品种区试审定标准、注意良法配套和高产示范、重视高产攻关试验的建议。
超级玉米是在目前玉米杂交优势利用的基础上,以提高玉米品种单产能力为目标的科技创新。本文论述了超级玉米育种的意义,指出超级玉米的选育目标除"超高产、优质、多抗、广适、易制种"外,还应考虑品种的审定效率、高产稳产性、高产攻关田产量指标,并对种质创新、株型选择、植株性状提出了更高的要求。针对超级玉米推广的现状,提出了加速制定超级玉米品种区试审定标准、注意良法配套和高产示范、重视高产攻关试验的建议。
1994, 2(4):044-047.
Abstract:
Root activity is a physiological index that is often needed determining it in studying growth and development of corn plant.This paper compaed 3 extractive methods of TTC method determining root activity in corn plants.The results showed that soaking method by methyl alcohol is a method of exact result and simplifing process.
Root activity is a physiological index that is often needed determining it in studying growth and development of corn plant.This paper compaed 3 extractive methods of TTC method determining root activity in corn plants.The results showed that soaking method by methyl alcohol is a method of exact result and simplifing process.
2008, 16(3):022-025.
Abstract:
A maize F2:3 population with 233 families were obtained from a hybrid cross of the maize inbred line 201×698-3. The variation and their correlation of nine characters， including ear length， barren tip length， ear diameter， rows per ear， kernels per row， kernel depth， 100-kernel weight， kernel rate and yield per plant were analyzed. The results indicated that these traits were significantly different among families with great variations， and their frequency distributions were normal distributed except barren tip length. There were significant(P<0.01) correlation between yield per plant and other traits， in which kernels per row， 100-kernel weight， rows per ear， kernel depth and kernel rate had the most important contribution to the yield per plant. By using the variable characters in the population， along with selection according to their trait correlation， it is possible to breed some new high yield maize inbred lines.
A maize F2:3 population with 233 families were obtained from a hybrid cross of the maize inbred line 201×698-3. The variation and their correlation of nine characters， including ear length， barren tip length， ear diameter， rows per ear， kernels per row， kernel depth， 100-kernel weight， kernel rate and yield per plant were analyzed. The results indicated that these traits were significantly different among families with great variations， and their frequency distributions were normal distributed except barren tip length. There were significant(P<0.01) correlation between yield per plant and other traits， in which kernels per row， 100-kernel weight， rows per ear， kernel depth and kernel rate had the most important contribution to the yield per plant. By using the variable characters in the population， along with selection according to their trait correlation， it is possible to breed some new high yield maize inbred lines.
2012, 20(1):1-9.
Abstract:
Over the last 30 years, maize breeding technology had advanced in many areas. Molecular markers, doubled haploid and biotechnology had been widely applied. Many methodology breakthroughs had been made in maize inbred and hybrid breeding. Here we provided the concise reviews of several major maize breeding technologies, including molecular breeding, progeny selection methods, transgenic breeding technology, doubled haploid and so on. We also generated a list of prospects in corn breeding technologies for next 10-20 years.
Over the last 30 years, maize breeding technology had advanced in many areas. Molecular markers, doubled haploid and biotechnology had been widely applied. Many methodology breakthroughs had been made in maize inbred and hybrid breeding. Here we provided the concise reviews of several major maize breeding technologies, including molecular breeding, progeny selection methods, transgenic breeding technology, doubled haploid and so on. We also generated a list of prospects in corn breeding technologies for next 10-20 years.
2015, 23(2):14-19.
DOI: 10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20150203
Abstract:
A NCⅡ test design was adopted to cross 5 common early maturity testers in Heilongjiang with 45 improved lines from 14 Canadian populations to analyze combining ability and heterosis. The result showed GCA effect value of individual plant yield of improved lines of SW1030, SW1052, SW1271, SW1274, SW1183, SW1072, SW1054 and SW1069 which come from EP6, EP7, EP8, EP14 and EP15 respectively were well. Forty-five improved lines belong to Lancaster group, Reid group, Sipingtou group, PA and Dahuang group, the heterosis was high between improved lines and Lancaster group, Reid group.
A NCⅡ test design was adopted to cross 5 common early maturity testers in Heilongjiang with 45 improved lines from 14 Canadian populations to analyze combining ability and heterosis. The result showed GCA effect value of individual plant yield of improved lines of SW1030, SW1052, SW1271, SW1274, SW1183, SW1072, SW1054 and SW1069 which come from EP6, EP7, EP8, EP14 and EP15 respectively were well. Forty-five improved lines belong to Lancaster group, Reid group, Sipingtou group, PA and Dahuang group, the heterosis was high between improved lines and Lancaster group, Reid group.
2015, 23(2):64-68.
DOI: 10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20150213
Abstract:
In the present experiment, four maize cultivars(Nongda108 and Zhendan958 as common maize, Feiyu3 and Zhendan18 as high starch maize) were used to study and discuss the correlation between test weight and grain physical characters of apical, middle and basal grain. The reslult showed that the test weight of high starch maize was higher than that of normal maize. Test weight values of different grain positions expressed as basal grain > apical grain > middle grain. Correlation analysis showed that test weight was significantly and positively correlated with specific gravity and single grain weight. Meanwhile, test weight and grain length, grain length/width, single grain volume and packing efficiency were positively correlated, but the correlation coefficient could not reach significant levels. On the contrary, test weight was correlated with percent floater and percent water content after harvest significantly and negatively. With the percent water content decreasing, test weight was increasing. Each decreasing of percent water would result in 5.10, 5.41 and 5.63 g/L increasing of test weight in apical, middle and basal maize grain.
In the present experiment, four maize cultivars(Nongda108 and Zhendan958 as common maize, Feiyu3 and Zhendan18 as high starch maize) were used to study and discuss the correlation between test weight and grain physical characters of apical, middle and basal grain. The reslult showed that the test weight of high starch maize was higher than that of normal maize. Test weight values of different grain positions expressed as basal grain > apical grain > middle grain. Correlation analysis showed that test weight was significantly and positively correlated with specific gravity and single grain weight. Meanwhile, test weight and grain length, grain length/width, single grain volume and packing efficiency were positively correlated, but the correlation coefficient could not reach significant levels. On the contrary, test weight was correlated with percent floater and percent water content after harvest significantly and negatively. With the percent water content decreasing, test weight was increasing. Each decreasing of percent water would result in 5.10, 5.41 and 5.63 g/L increasing of test weight in apical, middle and basal maize grain.
2015, 23(2):36-40.
DOI: 10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20150208
Abstract:
A transgenic salt-tolerant maize line with BcWRKY1 gene in T7-generation was used to analyze the effects on rhizosphere saline soil enzyme activities and physicochemical properties in different growth stages by pot experiment. The results showed that there were no significantly differences on soil alkaline phosphatase activity among transgenic line, acceptor line and common control inbred line at four sampling time. The significantly differences were detected in soil sucrase, dehydrogenase and urease activities at individual sampling time. There was no significant impact of transgenic line on soil conductivity at all four sampling time. The significant differences were obtained in pH value and sodium adsorption value at individual sampling time. The above significant differences appeared at some sampling time briefly and there was no long-time effect on the soil. Due to significant differences between receptor and common inbred line, the effects were not caused by transgene.
A transgenic salt-tolerant maize line with BcWRKY1 gene in T7-generation was used to analyze the effects on rhizosphere saline soil enzyme activities and physicochemical properties in different growth stages by pot experiment. The results showed that there were no significantly differences on soil alkaline phosphatase activity among transgenic line, acceptor line and common control inbred line at four sampling time. The significantly differences were detected in soil sucrase, dehydrogenase and urease activities at individual sampling time. There was no significant impact of transgenic line on soil conductivity at all four sampling time. The significant differences were obtained in pH value and sodium adsorption value at individual sampling time. The above significant differences appeared at some sampling time briefly and there was no long-time effect on the soil. Due to significant differences between receptor and common inbred line, the effects were not caused by transgene.
JIANG Yu-feng
,
ZHOU Jin-guo
,
TAN Xian-jie
,
QIN Lan-qiu
,
ZENG Yan-hua
,
XIE He-xia
,
XIE Xiao-dong
,
CHENG Wei-dong
2015, 23(2):20-24.
DOI: 10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20150204
Abstract:
In order to evaluate the efficacy of CAU inducer and eight improved induce lines in tropical maize, these lines were used as male parents to cross with six tropical maize materials, the HIR and NIA was investigated in this study. The result showed that the HIR of CAU inducer ranged from 0.29% to 2.74% with mean of 1.66%; NIA ranged from 11.11% to 100% with mean of 40.57%.The average HIR of eight improved induce lines ranged from 1.80% to 4.64%; the average NIA ranged from 31.2% to 53.6%. Four improved induce lines have some merits, i.e. 2-3 times HIR higher than CAU inducer, higher NIA, with higher plant height and more flourishing tassels may facilitate the application in tropical maize breeding.
In order to evaluate the efficacy of CAU inducer and eight improved induce lines in tropical maize, these lines were used as male parents to cross with six tropical maize materials, the HIR and NIA was investigated in this study. The result showed that the HIR of CAU inducer ranged from 0.29% to 2.74% with mean of 1.66%; NIA ranged from 11.11% to 100% with mean of 40.57%.The average HIR of eight improved induce lines ranged from 1.80% to 4.64%; the average NIA ranged from 31.2% to 53.6%. Four improved induce lines have some merits, i.e. 2-3 times HIR higher than CAU inducer, higher NIA, with higher plant height and more flourishing tassels may facilitate the application in tropical maize breeding.
2015, 23(2):52-56,63.
DOI: 10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20150211
Abstract:
In order to further improve the doubling efficiency of sweet corn haploid,“Yuetian13”haploid seeds as materials, different concentration colchicine was directly used to soak sweet haploid seeds, at the same time, doubling time and temperature were studied, and optimized the soaking seed method. The results showed that the colchicine concentration, doubling time and temperature effect the sweet corn haploid doubling ratio, soaked sweet corn haploid seeds directly by colchicine, can significantly improve the doubling ratio of sweet corn haploid. If not considering the interactions among various factors, the optimal doubling concentration, treatment time and temperature was 0.02%, 30 hours, 32℃ respectively, if considering the interactions among various factors, 0.02% concentration, 24℃ and 32 hours treatment could obtain more(doubled haploid, DH) line, but the Phytotoxicity ratio was very low, and was superior to the natural and normal colchicine doubling treatment, the research can provide reference for soaking seed doubling of sweet corn haploid.
In order to further improve the doubling efficiency of sweet corn haploid,“Yuetian13”haploid seeds as materials, different concentration colchicine was directly used to soak sweet haploid seeds, at the same time, doubling time and temperature were studied, and optimized the soaking seed method. The results showed that the colchicine concentration, doubling time and temperature effect the sweet corn haploid doubling ratio, soaked sweet corn haploid seeds directly by colchicine, can significantly improve the doubling ratio of sweet corn haploid. If not considering the interactions among various factors, the optimal doubling concentration, treatment time and temperature was 0.02%, 30 hours, 32℃ respectively, if considering the interactions among various factors, 0.02% concentration, 24℃ and 32 hours treatment could obtain more(doubled haploid, DH) line, but the Phytotoxicity ratio was very low, and was superior to the natural and normal colchicine doubling treatment, the research can provide reference for soaking seed doubling of sweet corn haploid.
18 Maize Haploid Doubling Effect of the Germplasm of DH Lines and Different Colchicine Concentrations
2015, 23(2):28-32.
DOI: 10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20150206
Abstract:
Used Xianyu335 as the female parent and the haploid frequency parthenogenesis inducer G5 as the male parent, the optimum concentration and time of maize haploid colchicine soaked bud treatment were studied. The results showed that the doubling rate of maize haploid treated by colchicine soaked bud with concentration of 0.7 mg/mL and under 8h was the highest, up to 14.4%.What was more, the higher was 12.1% with that the concentration of 0.8 mg/mL and under 8h treatment. Six combinations of PHB1M×PH4CV, PHB1M×Z2, PH4CV×DZ2, PH6WC× PHGJ4, PH6WC×Z8, PHGJ4×Z8 that were composited by inbred lines of PHB1M, PH4CV, PH6WC, PHGJ4 and DH lines of Z2 and Z8 as the female parent, also with G5 as male parent to study the doubling effects of DH lines on maize hybrids. The results showed that the haploid doubling rate of PH4CV×Z2(26.2%), PHB1M×Z2 (25.8%), PHGJ4×Z8 (23.3%) and PH6WC× Z8(21.3%) were significantly higher than that of PHB1M×PH4CV (13.5%) and PH6WC×PHGJ4(8.4%). With basic materials of DH lines could significantly improve the doubling rate of maize hybrid combinations.
Used Xianyu335 as the female parent and the haploid frequency parthenogenesis inducer G5 as the male parent, the optimum concentration and time of maize haploid colchicine soaked bud treatment were studied. The results showed that the doubling rate of maize haploid treated by colchicine soaked bud with concentration of 0.7 mg/mL and under 8h was the highest, up to 14.4%.What was more, the higher was 12.1% with that the concentration of 0.8 mg/mL and under 8h treatment. Six combinations of PHB1M×PH4CV, PHB1M×Z2, PH4CV×DZ2, PH6WC× PHGJ4, PH6WC×Z8, PHGJ4×Z8 that were composited by inbred lines of PHB1M, PH4CV, PH6WC, PHGJ4 and DH lines of Z2 and Z8 as the female parent, also with G5 as male parent to study the doubling effects of DH lines on maize hybrids. The results showed that the haploid doubling rate of PH4CV×Z2(26.2%), PHB1M×Z2 (25.8%), PHGJ4×Z8 (23.3%) and PH6WC× Z8(21.3%) were significantly higher than that of PHB1M×PH4CV (13.5%) and PH6WC×PHGJ4(8.4%). With basic materials of DH lines could significantly improve the doubling rate of maize hybrid combinations.
2007, 15(4):001-005.
Abstract:
Up to now, the origin of maize is still submitted to scientific controversy for several centuries, numerous hypotheses or theories of maize origin have been offered. In this paper, it was reviewed that currently six leading hypotheses: the wild pod corn hypothesis, common origin hypothesis, the tripartite hypothesis, the orthodox teosinte theory, the catastrophic sexual transmutation theory, tripsacum-Z.diploperennis hypothesis are received serious consideration. The perspectives of these hypotheses are also discussed.
Up to now, the origin of maize is still submitted to scientific controversy for several centuries, numerous hypotheses or theories of maize origin have been offered. In this paper, it was reviewed that currently six leading hypotheses: the wild pod corn hypothesis, common origin hypothesis, the tripartite hypothesis, the orthodox teosinte theory, the catastrophic sexual transmutation theory, tripsacum-Z.diploperennis hypothesis are received serious consideration. The perspectives of these hypotheses are also discussed.
